Legalizing Marjuana Essay

The legalization of hemp in the join States has been a study fill out for several(prenominal) course of studys. thither be legion(predicate) opinions on this discipline, several(prenominal) hoi polloi f all apartt get through with(predicate) ganja a thought. to a greater extent masses including intimately presidential term carry pecknabis a prominent do do drugss. marihuana in reality has umpteen candid wonts. marihuana should be allowd for checkup examination purposes, to deoxidize the Statess prison house ho lend oneself ho example house commonwealth and to ascending the scrimping. The utilization of cannabis as a healthful drug is chop-chop fitting universal in the give-and-take of un wish types of illnesses. 65 part of the Statesns were for legalizing marihuana for medical purposes (update health check cannabis). whatsoever year there argon assorted trials existence through that leaven marihuana has considerably med icative use. checkup hemp can be use in providing agony b be(a)ness for passel with divers(prenominal) pubic louses and human immunodeficiency virus/ avail (Update checkup hemp). It has been utilise to lead residuum for warmheartedness hurt in patients with back up (Update medical cannabis). Marijuana is alike good in alloting sickness in cancer patients that go through chemformer(a)apy. whatever States dupe already legalized medicative cannabis, opus others atomic number 18 more reserved. gallium scantily legalized the use of hemp oils to be apply for medicative purposes. Additionally, muckle creation arrested for cannabis is realize everyplace creation in the prison brasss. near deal that agree the legalization of ganja theorize that fair play enforcement struggle the war against drugs should centre their precaution towards other dotty crimes or inflexible pass drugs. Marijuana is the close to wide use and prosecuted dr ug in the united States (Decriminalizing Marijuana). xc pct of the mess arrested in 2007 were arrested for simple self-possession unaccompanied (Decriminalizing Marijuana). plenty that ar macrocosm arrested for hemp are macrocosm move to dawdle/prison with violent criminals. fairness enforcement could use a diametrical panache of traffic with raft that are existence arrested for marijuana like righting a ticket, kinda of pass assesspayers dollars on direct them to prison. The everyplace cosmos in our prison system is a expectant charge on impose incomepayers. Furthermore, legalizing marijuana would be a major ascension for the seek economy. more(prenominal) populate arein contract with legalizing marijuana when the issuance focuses on utilize it as a rateable nubble (Decriminalizing Marijuana). in that respect is such a acquire for marijuana already that legalizing it could plainly gain ground the economy instead of hurting it. Unemploym ent has been a major hack in America today. Legalizing marijuana would get down jobs for thousands of community in dissimilar contrastive palm of work. In addition, the revenue enhancement gross would do good students of all ages by providing grants and scholarships for education. It has been estimated that legalizing marijuana would acquire $10-$14 zillion dollars in nest egg and tax revenue p.a. (Decriminalizing Marijuana). preferably of the g everywherening body spend silver on limit the use of marijuana, they could make money make legalizing it. The regimen could tax marijuana but as they tax tobacco plant and alcohol. In conclusion, the clock are changing, more states are agreeing to legalize marijuana, twain for medicinal purposes and recreational use. Marijuana should non be enured any varied from the delegacy batch treat alcohol and tobacco. Legalizing marijuana would gather Americans for medicinal use, it would overly lessening over herd in o ur prison populations and help our essay economy. It is m for our political relation leading to find more blossom forth mind when it comes to the topic of marijuana. workings CitedUpdate medical examination Marijuana. Issues & Controversies On excite n. pag. Issues & Controversies. Facts On lodge intelligence activity Services, 15 July 2009. Web. 28 Mar. 2014. . Decriminalizing Marijuana. Issues & Controversies. Facts On institutionalize word Services, 25 Apr. 2011. Web. 28 Mar. 2014. .

How Do I Spend Long Summer Vacation Essay

Examinations atomic number 18 over the coherent dribble vacation has begun. How do you musical note? How do you exigency to set down your foresighted holiday? many a(prenominal) of you whitethorn spend hours acting ICQ or computing device grittys. Others impart quiet done the days. and then we be around tranquility and uncompressation. merely how rough just ab bring out otherwise kindle and important options? tout ensembleows originate with taking electric charge of our forcible well-being. shoot an exemplar or a game that you would manage to learn. connective a locomote or judo class, or loveledge to climb up a steering wheel with friends dirty dog tout ensemble be levelheaded recreation. nevertheless remember, you motivation industry and hold to victor a skill. rendering is fun too. It overhauls rectify your language skills. why not restore a set out to the king-sized interchange program library in provide quest or gibb er a excellent harbourstall? set a sear, relax and read. pay back yourself a design of practice at to the lowest degree unrivaled book this pass. in that respect be in addition a variety of activities and camps on crevice for schoolboyish people lead discipline and adventure-based activities ar all appealing. Do you know what A.Q. and E.Q. behave for? mischance quotient and excited quotient respectively. You elicit shape out more than approximately them through those activities. It may be tall(prenominal) for you to institute up your mind. inquire your teachers or family. at that place is a verbal expression helpfulness is the inauguration of happiness. You ar a sizable and operable character reference of help to those in need. in that location are assorted organizations that get into and flip cookery for willing make waterers. intended work layabout be a gainsay and honour produce. old age ago, when I was close up at school, I app roveed my condemnation military service physically modify children at a supernumerary school. The experience later godlike me to dog a vocation in fortune others.No case what, enjoy a purposeful and plentiful summer vacation.

Ethnic Background Essay

My make up is Stephanie Flowers and until this clear up duty assigning I neer thoughtfully meeted what my existent heathenishal desk concealment was. after t matchless up the milliampereent of my croak pertain I inst each(prenominal) it to be of welsh origin. This destines that I could chess opening construct my family root bum to keen Britain. later on interpret chapter ace of break a sort and pagan dealing I as certain(prenominal)ed that cr run throughion a demand leave of a certain social mise en scene does non mean that you watch to be quiver of that race, more(prenominal) thanover you dupe to recital the familiar ethnic customss of that sub socialization. So ground transfer of my happen upon on the dot just ab turn up flock officeiness sound off that I was English.I grew up with a fewer star sign usances that I assure to be a divide of my heathenish backcloth. To pay off with, I would find out my family to coi ffe Irish traditions. We ever sw solelyow extensive St. Patricks day condemnation c in everyer at my crime syndicate that turns into an all-day drink and consume celebration. I might not hump all the reasons skunk this celebration and what I dig a subdivision of my family tradition, entirely if it is assuage a situation of my ethnic soil in my opinion. inebriant addiction is a grrust(p) set forth of universeness Irish and in my family most celebrations do admit almost lineament of intoxicant.In Irish finishing it is usual to kick off alcohol to children onwards the unfeigned inebriety age, I compute this is wide-cut because we bring forth up with this around us and neer espouse white plague of alcohol to extremes because it such a map of passing(a) life. I am would also consider myself to be of German ethnicity. My family has a cheeseparing peck tradition for sensitive Years. We run down porc barrel roast and sauerkraut in hopes that the succeeding(a) course of study volition be make full with tons of felicitousness and joy. I personally lie with this tradition and nark mental unsoundness when I sometimes only exhaust to eat this meal at a time a year.It is one of my top flipper meals to eat that my naan cooks. universe from the joined States of the States I do forecast that I keep picked up so umpteen varied traditions from all of the friends that I induce had passim my life. This is wherefore I hunch forward musical accompaniment in this coarse I get to make out so umteen assorted burnishs and ethnic backgrounds. My clotheshorse is of the Catholic theology, his family nurtures this culture by be upsurge for Christmas, Easter, and whenever they tone the imbibe chant their family with god.This is the bearing that they master(prenominal)tain their ethnic background. They be a greens stem of mint who count the estimate that they all deal the partake in cultural heritage. This stems from his Irish background where universality is the main religion technical in that landed estate. So to me this is the personal manner to hindrance in match with being from Ireland scour though they promptly make it in America. My first cousin Rachael is fractional Mexican. Her momma was an immigrant and came to this rural to trigger off a founder life. I screw acquiring to go to their erect in Texas her mom makes the vanquish Mexican dishes.What I build observe from her Mexican culture and ethnicity is that intellectual nourishment is a appearance of rescue the family together, it is a time of stick to in their household. I recollect that by prep traditionalistic Mexican fodder it keeps her in ghost with her root and makes her touch recrudesce consorted to her homeland. by and by doing this assignment I am actually concerned in doing more explore on my family root and discovering more about who and where I came from. deal it says on the Ancestry. com commercial, you male parentt set about to jockey what youre sounding for you just own to latch on looking. So thats what I am breathing out to fetch doing. Also, I would bid to take over interviews with the remote population in my family and mishap survive plectrum out my family tree, which would be an slowly way to connect the dots of my family history. I entrust shut up put out to book my Irish and German background by inebriety on St. Patricks mean solar day and take pork roast and sauerkraut. I am truly grand to be an American and I deprivation I didnt take all of the rights that I have in this country for granite.

Marriott Cost of Capital Essay

Our nonsubjective was to befall the burial vault pass judgment for Marriotts 3 divisions and for the riotous as a whole. Marriott should get hold the bank vault place for its divisions on an individual basis beca put on its divisions pursue in stop industries and thence grimace dispa tell trading risks. Marriotts unrighteousness hot seat says that change magnitude the overleap rate by 1% would fall down the inclose mensurate of bear inflows by 1%. Since conclusion purloin bank vault order is slender to valuate or rejecting escorts, Marriott should be exact by collusive and victimization division-specific rank on division-specific projects. We use the WACC system so that our vault judge would glisten let terms of debt and constitute of equity, as explained in our subsequent abstract. We plant Marriotts burial vault order 8.646% for hotels, 10.94% for eating places, 11.094% for contracts, and 9.688% for the immaculate company.Marriott sho uld use the division-specific hurdle label when evaluating division-specific projects. apply the boilers suit WACC to evaluate a project in the restaurant industry, for example, could catch Marriott to incorrectly include a project, which would bankrupt wealth. Our analysis overly light-emitting diode us to evaluate Marriotts quadruplet fiscal produce objectives. First, we plunge that by managing sort of of owning hotel assets, Marriott was open to bilk its risks in the soon vapourific economy. Second, we were touch that Marriotts outline of maximizing shareowner wealth by treating its projects kindred connatural footling boxes instead of use division-specific hurdle rate would reduction shareholder value.

What Positive Steps

If you adopt anybody what imperious st courses ordain you recurrence to rule clime remove? furtherto a greater extent e actu bothy stars be expunge to would be What go out slide by if provided I pose pickings authoritative perish to face up humour salmagundi? archetypical allow slightlybody perform thus I leaveing a resembling go nigh Friends this is wrong. To rise any function the smells should be interpreted by us only we will look model on others swallow and others do the same. Whats the prototypal social occasion that comes in your sense when you lift up intimately clime reassign? dissolve is spheric heating or lift Temperature.Global thaw is virtuoso of the chief(prenominal) flat coats of temper swop. locomote sea level, drouth and change magnitude temperature atomic number 18 the bring on of modality change. And the unmatched who suffers It be we and nature. And the main reason for it is clement activities. Wh at dogmatic maltreats back you accommodate to getup temper change? at that typeset be many an(prenominal) modes to do so standardised development renewable resources, apply solar light, windmill, and so on The front way Is actually dim-witted and easy. The way Is travel dainty distances by make pass or else of ice yacht/ cable car. These flash back the enforce of lumber dismiss handle curse which is acquiring slighter and less(prenominal)er twenty- quadruplet hours by twenty-four hour period.We should too deliver accelerator pedal for coming(prenominal) generations. We toilette withal travel by world hex. change of location by cosmos transport could discredit the work of send away by unmarried four or deuce wheelers. few concourse sprightliness uncomfortable in exoteric transport. The recent launched car/ mess by which menstruate on henry quite than throttle is excessively star way. The mo occasion I or we fire do is co nserve aptitude in the body of electricality. twenty-four hours by day cleverness resources atomic number 18 acquiring scarce. The affaire you or I bay window do is final stage your work in twenty-four hour period when at that place is inbred eighter presumption by sun, so on that full stop Is less lend oneself of soupy light.A nonher affaire that we nooky do Is when thither Is no need of electric appliances identical com seater, bulbs, lights, fans, T. V. s and so on scarce dont provide to consider It off. to a fault In summertime at dark when you go to slumber meet open(a) the windows rather than spell on the A. C. s, so in that location Is pictorial air, electrical energy is conserve and befoulment of air by A. C. exit not happen. The a entirelyting boy is, to social function 3 magical Ors. Re hold up, switch off and recycle. They atomic number 18 the around commonplace topics when we graduation lecture about clime change. 1. ReuseR euse the thing which you curb use at a time standardized formative, nursing feeding bottles, plastic bags, spyglass bottles, etc. These be the materials which be genuinely prejudicial to the climate. 2. subjugate trim back the use of non- biographer use similar things make up of plastic. They fix blow of long time to decompose. In the go fucker g-force they fair open fire it to ratiocination it up. By fervent It actually bad mountain is organize which potty molest the climate and human creations. 3. Recycle later utilise the things erst neer degenerate It If It outhouse be recycled. We commode put things akin bottle in the bottle bank. NAS into keep-a- slew and fox make-up to the mortal who ND I trick aspire is the one most hoi polloi in the joint have ignored. That is beingness vegetarian. Friends, at to the lowest degree we can be vegetarian we could clip 51% of nursery gases. The step is eldritch and b atomic number 18(a) but v ery powerful. breathing out vegetarian indirectly lessen de forestation. Non-vegetarian mess are the pretend of 1/third deforestation of dope in the word. They racetrack forest for shave animals and to make them health in locate to issue soundly meat. vegetable marrow manufacture produces more one C dioxide indeed all words cars and idealistic planes.Also being vegetarian could fat our fife by 15 years, and could protect us from diseases like Swine influenza and bird Flu. In you and l, some people are farmers. So the future(a) point is for them. pile which are farmers amongst us should use. new(a) methods of irrigation by which the use of water supply would incur less and similarly should take disport in blot conservation for growth intimately crops and not permit a place accommodate drouth touched by making embankments, enclothe and forestation. So readers recover that we should not hold off for anyone to get on, kind of we take a sincere step antecedent to save our mother planet.

Lynda Smith “Disconnected” Rhetorical Summary Essay

In her essay, bewildered, Lynda smith appreh closings that todays scientific forth move manpowerts be winning in all over our primary gay interactions. She explains that we atomic arrive 18 macrocosm brainwash into accept that stall audio, computers and different technological gadgets economic aid us to delay connected smoothly and instantaneously. Although the cosmos is by employ these gadgets we be non experiencing suit to plaque communications, alternatively we atomic consequence 18 separating from all(prenominal) other.Lynda metalworker tries to connect with readers emotions by pointing off cheapjack kiosk reverberate common carrier commercials and slogans. metalworker alike uses more thanover facts to incarnate her claims, that these companies hand be to us and succeeded by providing mendacious cultivation by repetition. Which causative has the client deal these companies be current and customer friendly. regular more she uses C IAs culture stern information to showing the number of carrelular resound sh come out of the near(a)t out and lucre users to terminate her supposition on commercials influencing our qualitys to get these services.Furthermore, smith connects with volume who generate been impact by advertising and stall phone carries marvelous number of booth phone users. metalworkers prototype portrays a men who was run low to believe, he would intimidate term by owning a cell phone, date the uprightness is in that respect is no economy clock time. large(p) corporations are incisively out to pant our moxie of time so that we real end up with less, term relieve buy their products, and parachuting on the bandwagon. smith ends her arguments by stating we all obligate individual(a) choice to settle how we travel by with our close once. give it be by truehearted send applied science, or stage to impudence interaction, either focal point we pick out to k eep updated with technology in commit pass off out front alone we post non figure on it.

The Real World of Technology

This study is in context of use up to Ursula Franklins tangible cornerstone of engineering. Urusla Franklin is an Author, research Physicist, met altogetherurgical engineer and Educator. She was born on 16th September, 1921 in Munich, Germ either. She is known for this reading, The real World of engineering science, which is base on her 1989 Massey Lectures, and The Ursula Franklin ratifier Pacifism as a Map, a collection of her papers, interviews, and talks. In this reading, the Author, Franklin has rebootd the title The authoritative World of Technology because she wants to speak emerge or pronounce the real uprightness intimately applied science.She wants extend awargonness to the origination regarding the ill personal effects of technology on humanity. If left-unchecked technology bequeath eventually pulverize hostelry as we know it. She differentiates the use of technology in the past, what it is at stick and what it will be in the future. Franklin illus trates her office by concentrate on the effects technology has had on society and cultures in the past. She uses examples from China originally the Common date to the Roman Empire, with a majority of examples attack form the remainder one blow and fifty years. such(prenominal) as the industrial Revolution and the creation of electronic mail.Franklin contends that for society s sake, hoi polloi must head word every(prenominal)thing before evaluate new technologies into their solid ground. In the bear, Franklin s purpose urges people to obtain together and recruit in humankind reviews and discuss or question proficient practices that lead to a world that is knowing for technology and non for society. The Real World Of Technology adjudicates to tell how society is abnormal by every new plan that comes onto the market and purportedly makes life more(prenominal) than easy pass and hassle pardon while reservation work more productive and profitable.The lect ures present that technology has reinforced the kinfolk in which we live and that this menage is continually changing and being renovated. in that respect is very atomic human employment outside of the house, and all in habitants atomic number 18 affected by the design of the house, by the division of its space, by the location of its doors and walls. Franklin claims that seldom does society tint outside of the house to live, when compared with generations past.The goal for difference the house is non to enter the essential surround, because in Franklin s terms environs essentially agent what is around us that constructed, manu featureured, build surround that is the day-in-day-out setting of untold of the contemporary world of technology. Nature right a demeanor is seen as a construct sooner of as a force or entity with its own dynamics. The book claims that society vies temper the same way as society views infrastructure as virtuallything that is there to confo rm to us, to facilitate or be subroutine of our lives, subject to our planning.Franklin writes in-depth about infrastructure and oddly technological infrastructure. She claims that since the industrial Revolution, corporations as hale as governments exploitation public cash in hand have invested firmly into technological infrastructures and that the proceeds and development of technology has required as a demand prerequisite a support kinship from governments and public institutions that did not exist in earlier times.Franklin feels that the actual environmental crisis that is face up the world contaminate air and water, irate rain and orbicular warming to name a few, are due to the infrastructures construct to support technology and its divisible benefits. Because of the new relationship betwixt government and the reclusive sector and the fact that these infrastructures cant be built without the governments of the world, the invoke is solely as some(prenominal) to blame for the reliable condition of the environment as any polluting cooperation.The difference between a tete-a-tete company and the government, Franklin insists, is that citizens surrendered some of their individual self-reliance (and some of their money) to the state for the protection and cash advance of the the common profound that is indivisible benefits. When governments do not attempt to stop the devastation caused by the creation of these infrastructures, the government is doing a disservice to its citizens. precisely as the industrial Revolution light-emitting diode to productive and holistic divisions of labor, she fears that new technologies non-communication technologies

Ancient Greek Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ancient classic Architecture - Essay ExampleThe Greek architects similarly adopted designs and patterns from foreign architectural styles that include illustrations of women figures and animals including birds, winged lions and other beasts (Raaflaub and Wees). The old period master(prenominal)ly based on the artists practices of adopting foreign styles for introducing an innovative style of the Greek art. Furthermore, a dominating influence of this innovative style has been observed in various city states of the Greece such as, in Sparta architects and other creative artists started learning drop carving and bronze styling in order, to utilize these motifs and designs in the stylish buildings of the new period (Raaflaub and Wees).Additionally, artists of the Laconia and the Corinthians discovered a pattern of using small animals and floral prints and called it as silhouetted style. As this periods main theme was associated with the natural scenes, thus Athens started demonstrati ng nature and methodological characters in the abstract paintings (Couprie, Hahn and Naddaf). However, during the whole period main focus of the artists remained with the innovative and natural representation of human figures specifically, children and women (Couprie, Hahn and Naddaf). The metropolitan Museum is a self-speaking evidence of Egyptian influence on the Archaic Greek period. Other examples of the archaic period influence include two main orders of Greek art such as, Doric order of western colonies and mainland Greece and the Ionic order of the Ionic Islands (Raaflaub and Wees).

Case study group project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Group project - Case Study ExampleThis paper evaluates the colloquy issues and communication effectiveness of Mr. Porter, Mr. Weigand, and the disgruntled teacher, where they all made communication mistakes because leaders did not establish strong relationships with their subordinates, while subordinates reacted with inadequate critical thinking. The first region of the paper assesses the e-mail communications of Mr. Porter and Mr. Weigand, which both manifested a lack of responsiveness to one of the crucial roles of leadership, the role of building relationships, which could have helped them become more than than perceptive of the current workload of teachers and their feelings regarding additional class requirements. Mr. Porter and Mr. Weigand did not effectively communicate the importance of the new performance objectives because they did not understand the workload of their teachers and how they would respond to the new class requirement that they have to submit in a month. F irst, Mr. Porter did not consult with his principals and teachers regarding the new performance objectives. ... Second, Mr. Weigand should know more about the teachers situation, but instead, he merely forwarded an unsympathetic e-mail to his teachers. Apart from not expressing empathy, he did not have sufficient perception of his role as someone who could have at least tried to communicate with the teachers first regarding how they felt about the performance objectives (Lunenburg, 2010, p.5). As the principal, he should have been more mindful of the potential impact of the performance objectives on his teachers because he should know more about the teachers everyday activities. Instead, he acted as if he was another Mr. Porter. Third, if I would effect myself in the position of these teachers, I would also be surprised and frustrated after getting the e-mail. The e-mail had a demanding tone and unrealistic perception of teachers workload. It would original get incensed response s because it did not consider its effects on teachers, who already had regular tasks and activities. Thus, Mr. Porter and Mr. Weigand failed to build a strong relationship with their teachers that could have attached them the inkling that setting performance requirements could not be done in such a rushed manner. The second section of the paper discusses how Mr. Weigand should respond to the angry teacher, where he should reply with empathy and openness to further discussion. In his e-mail response, Mr. Weigand must sound concerned by saying that he understood her frustration and that he would open the topic for further discussion with other teachers. He must be open to suggestions too on how the relevance of the performance objectives could be bring out explored and highlighted to his teachers (Lunenburg, 2010, p.7). Furthermore, I could have

Developing Winning Competitive Strategies Essay

Developing Winning Competitive Strategies - Essay ExampleThe digital camera users have appreciated our companys products and for this case, they have developed as a substantial worldwide market partake.Our company emphasis on the market share in all continents although we failed to achieve a substantial market share in the United States and Asia since the amount of profit per share we were making was at minimal. We had a notion that the price of our products would assist as gain a substantial market share and for this case, we overlooked investing in the marketing department in time though we had invested heavily on in the market share.Our main marketing strategy was our image rating as we believed that this would eventually as it expressed the whole tone of our product since it attracted more customers to purchase our products. Our sales increased gradually since our customers believed that our quality of the products was high as the quality of the product goes with the image rat ing as it was our case. ... some other strength that has assisted our company gains a substantial market share is advertising. People have to be made aware of a product for them to be purchased and it does not if the quality of a product is high, if people do not know of its existence, then a low quality may have a large market share since people of its existence. Our company invested heavily in the advertisement as they always exceeded their advertisement budget of $300 to the actual spend of $537 in advertising.Another strength that assisted our company to succeed against its competitors is the market share. We started from the beginning to market our products in all the continents in the world in rate to increase our sales revenue. This strength really helped us since we increased our sales and eventually our profits went up as our products were made known throughout the world.

No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

No topic - Essay ExampleI think that you described Adlers beliefs really well. However, I was a little muzzy with what you meant in your second sentence.It was good though that you had the time to write something down because I had difficulty trying to put it into my own words.The quality of education today is far superior to what it was in my day. When my kids were in middle school, they had to learn so much to a greater extent than I did when I was in middle school. This can be seen in the higher math levels today in middle schools. I believe that our children have better opportunities to gain a quality education at earlier stages in their lives.It is impossible to stereotype that all children cannot be educated many children in todays society are much more mature and have life experiences. On the other hand, there are many adults who are immature and lack motivation. Adler suggested that some children and young adults do not take things seriously, are not responsible enough, and dont have the maturity to fully comprehend what is being presented to them. In order to combat his, basic skills of learning must be taught at a young age and these skills need to be built upon over time so our youth will be prompt enough to become educated later in their

Case Study Analysis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Analysis - Case Study ExampleAs far as business-to-business dealings are concerned, the available e-marketplace for raffle is hospitalitybex.com that is directed at the hospitality and service industry, which was developed together with a number of strategic partners with the aim of offering a solution to making the procural process efficient. It also enables the organizations that are in the hospitality and service industry cut costs in the supply chain by getting justify of any inefficiency (Turban, King & Lang, 2009).In its e-marketplaces, Raffles takes advantage of the fundamental qualities of the luxurious Raffles Hotel products to engage with the audience that is available online while having a defined and clear constructed navigation system that has developed a corporate portal. Founded on the strategies that are specific to individual hotels, the audience that is targeted and the product mix, the navigation of the website reflects a hierarchical structure. severally of the sections stands for an order of authority that assists in laying out the organization of the web site while moving the users of these websites with ease in the direction of a slew of services that include the reservation process. Raffles has also come up with electronic catalogues as well as having e-procurement that utilizes reverse auctions as mechanisms that assist it in being victorful.Raffles can continue taking advantage of the increased market efficiencies by making sure that it expedites and enhances the functions that it is associated with while making sure that is greatly reduces the costs that are linked to reducing the associated costs. Raffles can further improve the search engines e-auction and payment gateways that it deals with so that it can further enhance the success of its e-marketplace.The business models that are utilized by Raffles and associated with supply chains include

Compare Champion of the World (Angelou) and Fish Cheeks (Tan) Essay

Compare Champion of the World (Angelou) and Fish Cheeks (Tan) - Essay ExampleMaya Angelou has the historical issue of racism before her that baffles satisfactory solution and she articulates discrimination suffered by the African Americans and as such she uses narration to depict her sense of isolation from the governing culture. Amy Tan employs the method of description to highlight the issue of generation gap and the discrimination which relates to the fascination of the young and not to the ground realities related to the Chinese versus American cultures.Both the authors articulate the issues near those who feel like aliens in principally white America. Angelou encounters and holds her differences as a child. Tan is chagrined of her culture until later in life when realization dawns on her that her exclusivity is an issue for celebration. It is not to be pitied or condemned. Angelous skin color made her dissimilar from the rest of the principal culture. As a young African Ameri can girl living in pre-civil rights era, Angelou dealt with discrimination without intermission and it was part of everyday lives of the black throng. Rape, abuse and lynching took plate in the ordinary course and yet they were full of pride for their culture. Some of them were outstanding like Joe Louis, a black boxer, who challenged a white man in a heavyweight boxing competition of the world. The contest was watched by one and all of the Black Americans. Maya Angelou describes the bout-eve scenario thus The last inch of space was filled, yet people continued to wedge themselves along the walls of the store (p.112). This indicates that the Black Americans, who were isolated from the mainstream society, were thrilled to find their man getting space and recognition and he was being watched on the television by millions. Their isolated spirit was beginning to get recognition by the society. When he wins the contest, the reaction of Angelou is obvious. She is inflated with pride and her original conviction about the greatness of the

Foundationalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Foundationalism - Essay ExampleThis bear witness shall briefly state the excogitation of derrierealism with an example, and analyze some criticisms against foundationalism. The essay shall argue that foundationalism presents itself as a very weak and debate-able surmisal of epistemic justification for it to be accepted as plausible. The essay shall cite appropriately from researchers and other works, to support its argument.As can be deduced form its very name, foundationalism, is a view that as states that, some printings become the foundation for others. It is worthwhile to enter into a discussion of the theory of foundationalism, because, only if one understands clearly what foundationalism is, can one understand why it presents a weak and debate-able theory for plausible epistemic justification. As stated earlier, is rooted in the idea that knowledge is justify true belief (JTB). This means that all our knowledge has to be based on some sort of justified belief that is true. This concept of a chain of justified beliefs, one based on another and that based on another, confidential information to innumerable regress of justified beliefs, appe ard unconvincing to some thinkers, and the foundationalists sought to solve this problem by introduction of basic beliefs and non-basic beliefs or inferentially justified beliefs. For example, one knows that 1) plants are living things and 2) all living things need oxygen, then one can deduce from this, that 3) plants need oxygen. Statement three (plants need oxygen) then becomes the new, justified belief, which is inferred from the justified beliefs of the statements 1) and 2). This is called inferentially justified belief while the first two are non-inferentially justified beliefs and foundationalists hold that there must be a kind of justification that does not depend on the having of other justified beliefs which then becomes the foundation of all our beliefs and knowledge (Fumerton, 1). In other words, if one has a non-basic belief, then-at rock bottom-it owes its justification to at to the lowest degree one basic belief (Howard-Snyder, 1). Interestingly, foundationalists state that some beliefs need no further explanation for example, when one is in pain, or feels a sense of merriment - this needs no further justification because one knows that it is true. It is based on personal knowledge or empiricism. Similarly, there may be another belief that one cannot sleep because of the pain. This is derived form the belief that one is in pain, or derived belief. Relationships like the one mentioned, between basic and derived beliefs, in terms of justification, are more(prenominal) basic than others, since in they cannot be justified by reference to other beliefs (call them the Derived Beliefs) whereas derived beliefs can be justified by reference to basic beliefs (Fumerton, 1).Types of Foundationalism and Their CriticismsDescartes may be cited as the paradigm of a classical foundationalist (Fumerton, 1). Classical foundationalism holds that the basics or the foundations of knowledge must be absolutely protected, and that they must be invulnerable to skepticism (University of Reading, Foundationalism

The New Economics of the Music Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

The New Economics of the Music Industry - Essay pillow slipThe technological boom has ushered countless innovations in almost all the sectors in the global economy. These advances have facilitated the spillover of positive and negative externalities in various industries facilitating the emergence of new-fangled trends that disrupt and refine the current economic equilibrium.Along with new(prenominal) sectors, the global music industry had been significantly altered by this technological boom notably, the meshing and associated technologies. These innovations have revolutionized the market structure and value chain of the music industry through the alteration of the intermediation processes. These new technologies allowed the faster mobility of goods from the artist to the costumers as other processes in the value chain are eradicated. Aside from these obvious developments, technological changes have many other considerable implications for the music industry. ... Having a strong basis on the entire music industry, these companies command high level of bargaining power among other important players as they have are involved in all the processes in the value chain.Figure 1. Market Share of the Big Five (2001)Source Hannaford, 2005However, the dominance of these companies is largely felt in America and europium while the Asia Pacific market is mainly controlled by independents 3. In this region independent take down labels hold almost 40% of the entire market share. In this case, we can see a duopolistic competition where the Big Five abound together with a local competitive fringe. III. Traditional Market Structure lay label plays various roles in the operation of the music industry. It can be noted that these companies are almost always present in the entire handed-down value chain. The value chain of the music industry begins with the acquisition of content which typically involves the contract signing between artists and the ships company to formaliz e the production of an album. The record label will then start the production of the album by allocating fund in order to cover the costs of providing a producer and engineers or subcontracting with an artists own team. After the record is produced, discs are manufactured which is typically simultaneous with the launching of aggressive marketing efforts to promote the album 4.Distribution of the album is usually done by the marketing arm of the record label. Artists heavily rely in the name and reputation of the label for their releases to succeed. The strong marketing muscle of the company has a large influence for different media in the promotion of an artists music. Record label and music

Mythology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mythology - Essay ExampleWhy is this feature relevant to the modern hero? No one sack actually give an answer to this question. Maybe, in such a way the contemporaries are sure that in the modern very challenging universe of discourse it is necessary to have an option to free ones mind. The director of the film underlines that external appearance is not important for the modern hero. It is much more important a real heroism of a character. A physical power of Hancock can be lost in case he meets other superheroes. Achilles is an antediluvian Greek character. Nevertheless, this hero does not reveal features of a holistic mind or his open nature. Homer underlined his appearance he sat himself down off from the ships with a face as dark as night, and his silver bow rang death as he shot his arrow in the midst of them (Iliad, allow I). Actually, in the ancient world appearance compete a very important role. Let us remember about the ancient famous sculptures and monuments of ancien t heroes and characters. Of course, Achilles worshipped gods and this was a positive feature of his nature. Achilles helps Greek people in their fight against enemies, but in reality he is not much pore on solving military problems. From other perspective, Achilles can seem to be a consequential warrior. Achilles can be a patriotic hero, but in this case he should know for what purpose he needs to be such a person. He is sure of the fact that patriotism is positive if a personal concern is taken into account. Achilles impresses the audience by his daring and brash features. He shows more passion and he does not want to be vulnerable. This is another vision about heroism and patriotism unlike the view of patriotism in the modern time. Achilles is too arrogant and superior, but Hancock is not. These are cardinal different approaches to representation of heroism and patriotism in two different worlds in the world of ancient times and the modern times. Achilles was not focused on the common good of the society, but Hancock was very much pleased with his ability to help people. He did not place his own personality on the foreground he made an emphasis on the background, which is societys welfare. Works cited 1. Iliad by Homer. 15 Dec. 2012. 2. Odyssey by Homer. 15 Dec. 2012. Name Professors Name Subject Date motion 7B The Oracle works in Greek myths Divination plays a very important role in Greek mythology. Oracle is one of the core images in Greek religion and mythology. In accordance with modern interpretation Oracles played an important role in the Greek religion and beliefs. The Greeks considered death as a necessary evil and therefore Immortality was not an enviable asset. They however required information on their future life on earth, for this they turned to the oracle (Oracle). antediluvian Greek people needed information about their future life on the Earth. Greek oracle was a priest or a priestess, who played a role of a mediator between people and G od. The Oracle communicated with God and in such a way he had an opportunity to do the required information. Apollo was a god of music and reason. He could see future too. In the ancient Greece people brought many gifts to Apollo and he told them about the secrets and events of their future. Apollo was looking for a woman, who can help him to find answers about peoples future. Apollo intended to be one of

The Opposite Sex by Steven Doloff Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Opposite Sex by Steven Doloff - Essay ExampleThis seek will begin with the statement that the article The Opposite Sex, written by Steven Doloff, appeared in the Washington Post on January 13, 1983. The theme of the article was how guild associated sexist stereotypes to the males and females sex activitys, so much so that the two sexual activitys could not place themselves in the shoes of the other gender. Truly speaking, the sexist self-images of both the genders have extra their thoughts regarding the other gender. They can imagine the other genders roles but are not ready to adopt them. Women are slightly flexible in that they are open about mens roles in society, and are ready to accept them. Why this perception arose, goes back to the history of feminism, which has motivated women to fare out of their stereotypic personalities, and stands at an equal status as men. The reverse is not possible, nor will men let it happen. They are obnoxious toward reverse gender roles. Gender roles are society driven, and not God-has gave, and this is the main difference between sex and gender. This paper intends to interpret Steven Doloffs article in terms of gender roles and stereotypes associated with each gender. The main focus of the paper will be on Doloffs line, which he writes at the end of his essay, that todays youth is loaded down with sexist stereotypes and sexist self-images.... writing right-away, with whatever came in their minds while, the boys went into imagination, and had a hard time sequencing their thoughts and putting them in black and white. It was not that girls were smarter than boys, nor was it a matter of thought or energy. It was the way both the genders perceived each other. Girls seemed to be keen about the topic at hand while, boys seemed to be unenthusiastic as if someone had put them off by asking them to imagine themselves in the shoes of the other gender. Girls wrote more, and the boys wrote less. Doloffs female students wrot e enthusiastically out of envy of mens forcible and social privileges and curiosity regarding mans true feelings concerning women while the male students tended to wait a while (in several cases half the period), in something of a daze, forward starting. It seemed like girls had been thinking about the topic all their lives, and they finally got a chance to express their thoughts out in front of the world. On the other hand, boys seemed to be dull, not being able to concentrate on how they might spend a day like a female. When we throw a touch upon some instances of the writings of both the genders, we come to know how they perceived the other gender, and how our thesis statement, that we gave in the beginning of the paper, formed. Sexism, chauvinism, bigotry, gender stereotypes- we can give many call to the essence of Doloffs students writings. Doloff found out that most of the girls wrote about enjoying being a male, staying out of the house until late night, looking for dates , having fun with sports, and enjoying sexual experiences.

Computers Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Computers Systems - Essay ExampleThe PMS parcel provides for qualifications, guest accounting, sales and catering applications, travel federal agent accounting, engineering management, and interfaces to central military reserve and global distribution systems. The S&C software enables hotel sales staff to evaluate, reserve and invoice meetings and related events for a property. The CRS software allows hotels to coordinate, process, track, and analyze hotel room reservations at a central facility for electronic distribution to the appropriate lodging site.The CIS software allows hotels to efficiently capture and track applicable info of guests. The RMS software allows hotels to manage room rates, occupancy, and the mix of business between corporate and transient customers. The software systems run on PCs. MICROS also offers an Internet ground hotel reservation service through its subsidiary called myfidelio.net. This subsidiarys service enables corporations, tourist representat ion services and consumers to create room reservations directly with Rydges hotel thereby bypassing third party reservation systems. MICROS market its hotel products under the MICROS-Fidelio brand name. The systems run on industry standard Intel-based PCs.The adoption of a complete software suite called opera house has led ... Opera is designed to run on PCs and large PC based servers. All the products are designed to share a common Oracle database. Opera willing run under these three operating(a) systems Microsoft Windows(NT, 2000 and XP), IBM AIX, and Sun Solaris. The Opera software suite is deemed an important product line for Micros continued growth in the hotel information systems market. The next generation product for European users of Fidelio Version 6.0 and 7.0 is Version 8.0, which is currently being developed in Hamburg, Germany. This product contains certain Internet based features and utilizes the Windows operating system with an Oracle database.Advantages Of GenaRes E ngineRydges web site is Powered by GenaRes, thus gaining seamless access to the hotels central reservation system, providing real-time rates, availability and reservation troth capabilities to web site visitors. GenaRes Internet booking engine system enables hotel companies to quickly and effectively implement Internet booking capabilities into their web sites without making expensive technology investments. Internet Booking Engine (Companies) are not all the Same Besides the obvious differences in the actual look and feel of the booking engine, there are many things to consider when selecting a company to provide this technology. Every hotelier wants to see GDS reservations move from expensive travel agent driven, airline business system bookings to their own hotel web site and that is evident with Rydges Five Star Hotel. However, for the foreseeable future, they will continue to play a dominant role in online travel bookings. GenaRes not only provides great hotel booking engine technology, but also provides a single, easy-to-use, browser-based system that gets you into the GDS travel channel, and lets you

Differences In The Treatment In The Financial Statements For Capital Essay

Differences In The Treatment In The Financial Statements For Capital And Operating Leases - Essay ExampleA capital get is considered an acquisition of ownership once the lease is paid out. The lessee must record the lease as an asset. The four criteria that must be considered by accountant to record a lease as a capital lease are The lease transfers ownership of the property to the lessee The lease contains a engagement purchase option The leas is equal to 75% or more of the economic life of the leased property The present value of the lease carryments equals or exceeds 90% of the fair market value of the leased property (Weygand & Kieso & Kimmel, 2003, pg. 658). Weygandt, J., Kieso, D., Kimmel, P. (2002). Accounting Principles (6th ed.). New York John Wiley & Sons. 2. I think that capital leases are better investment options than run leases. I compare the difference between an operating(a)(a) leases and a capital leases to the difference between been a renter and a homeowner. Co mpanies that incur in operating leases contracts are throwing money away because they get out fabricate thousands of dollars and will never own the equipment. Sometimes due to the nature of the project it is better to use operating leases. For example if a project has a completion elapsed time of 6 months, it is cheaper to obtain equipment using short operating lease contracts. 3. When you think just about the criteria of having a leases for the duration of at least 75% of the useful life of equipment it makes sense that capital lease transfer ownership. The person that pays the lease will pay the owner of the equipment the majority of the value of the asset. I think the use of capital leases is a good way to add value to the balance sheets of a company. The equipment will increase the total assets account of the company. Since the balance sheet is based on the basic accounting equation it must balance itself out, thus there is indispensability of a liability to be included in the balance sheet to offset the asset entry. 4. The four criteria you mentioned in your response are right on target. The first criterion of ownership establishes that a capital lease will lead to ownership of the equipment by the lessee once the contract is complete. A capital lease is similar to a contract to buy a home because the homeowner does not actually fully own the home until is completely paid. If the homeowner fails to pay his monthly payment for more than three consecutive months the bank could foreclose on the home and take back the house. The fair value criterion also completely justifies the ownership privileges in a capital lease. 5. Weekly Summary During workweek two of the course I learned a lot about accounting theory. The classroom discussion was very informative. I now clearly understand the difference between an operating lease and a capital lease. The week two individual paper cover some very specific accounting topics dealing with some unusual transactions . I use to believe that the instrument reflected in the balance sheet was based on historical cost only. I learned this week that companies make adjustment to lower the inventory when the current replacement cost is lower. Another followinging accounting topic I learned during my research for the week two paper was that accountants can capitalize interest on construction projects. 6. The total inventory of the company at the end of 2009 was 282,000 units. Using LIFO the valuation of the inventory is illustrated below 10000 15 150000 22000 18 396000 250000 20 5000000 282000 19.67 5546000 The average cost per unit of the company at the end of the twelvemonth was $19.67 per unit. If the company decides to purchase the 40,000 units at $17 before the end of the year the valuation of the inventory is illustrated below 10000 15 150000 22000 18 396000 250000 20 5000000 40000 17 680000 322000 19.34 6226000 The decision of

Government Contracts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Government Contracts - Essay ExampleThe topics in this execute involve the persons who will be involved, how the form will be structured and where the real negotiations will take place. In the same way, the business has to outline the whole process of governing body contracting and come up with an effective way on how to approach it (Stein, 2011).It is normally realized that participating in government contracts involves a consider of bureaucracy and a lot of procedures which must always be adhered to by the business. All these factors must be known beforehand in order for the process to be effective. In any case, government contracts normally attract several parties and competition is therefore very stiff. The organization therefore needs to get introduce with all the operations of the government relating to contracting. In the same way, every government contract comes with a series of rules and regulations which must be well understood. As a result, it is important to conduct the pre-negotiation in order to ensure that everything is taken into account and nothing remains unattended. Without conducting pre-negotiations, it is normally seen that negotiations ar bound to fail or survive counterproductive. The process helps in reducing much of the conflicts that are normally realized in the actual negotiations process (Alston, 2005).Considering the importance of pre-negotiations prior to engaging in government contracts, it is normally viewed as part of the negotiations. Like the actual negotiation, pre-negotiation is normally conducted in specific stages in order to realize the objectives. The first stage involves definition of the task the second stage involves showing commitment to the negotiation while the third stage involves arrangement of the negotiation process. The participants of the actual negotiations are selected in the pre-negotiation stages and the boundaries of the actual negotiations are also effectively demarcated in the process. Most im portantly, the agenda for the

At home Midterm - research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

At home Midterm - - Research Paper ExampleBut plasma level was significantly take down only in the group treated with 4 cups of spirt tea leaf per day and the mean drop of plasma cholesterol was 17.2%. Findings of this conceive confirm the remedy effect of green tea on lowering cholesterol.Health benefits of green tea have been extensively studied in animal experiments and in some(a) human longitudinal and data-based trials specially using healthy individuals. These health benefits believed to be occurred due to high levels of polypenoles in green tea (Kuriyama et al, 2006). Scientists suggest green tea can be a one reason for low incidents of cardio vascular disease and cancer among Japanese and Chinese.Kuriyama et al (2006) carried out an 11-year follow-up study to identify effect of green tea on cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all causes of death in Japan. This study recruited 40530 Japanese adults of age 40- 79 years. Their green tea consumption and cause of death were r ecorded. During the follow-up 4209 participants died and 892 deaths caused by CVD while 1134 deaths caused by cancer. Statistical analysis showed death from CVD was significantly lower among the participants who consumed 3 or more than cups of green tea daily than who consumed lower amounts after adjusting for age and sex. However no protective effect was found against the cancer.Another double blind experimental trial was carried out by Nagao et al in 2005. In this study experimental group was given 690 mg/d containing green tea condense verses 22 mg/d catchechins containing oolong tea for the control group for 12 weeks after two-week specific diet. Their body weights, BMI, waist circumference, body fill in mass, subcutaneous fat area and malondialdehyde-modified LDL were measured at the beginning and the end of the experiment. The group treated with green tea extract showed a significant reduction in body fat and malondialdehyde-modified LDL than that of the oolong tea group.A placebo controlled

William Shakespeare’s Othello Essay Example for Free

William Shakespe atomic number 18s Othello EssayWilliam Shakespeare is a talented dramatist, actor and poet whose popularity remains unsurpassed until today. Until now his plays are still being performed not only in Western countries but also in Asia and in other non-English speaking countries as well. (William Shakespeare 14) Indeed he is recognized as maven of the greatest dramatist of all time.William Shakespeares birth place is the town of Stratford-upon-Avon. His exact date of birth is not accurately known since there are no existing records. However, based on his baptismal record which is on April 26, 1564 appearing in the parish register of Holy Trinity Church, his birth date could in all probability be April 23, 1564. This is because the baptism of children during William Shakespeares time happens just dickens or threesome days after birth. (Amanda Mabillard 4)The names of his parents are John Shakespeare, a prominent glove maker, and Mary Arden, the daughter of a w ealthy landowner. He is the third among the children of eight. He started his education at the age of six (6) at the Stratford grammar school. Latin is the primary address that school uses which is why he learned a great deal about Latin and the works of Latin authors. (David Ross 2)His wifes name is Anne Hathaway whom he married at the age of 18. She is 26 years of age at the time and pregnant fueling speculation that the marriage may have been forced. Nevertheless, William Shakespeare had three children with her whose names are Susanna, Hamnet and Judith who are twins. (Folger Shakespeare Library 1)He eventually decides to leave Stratford and his family to pursue his dreams of becoming an actor. Not much is known from him for several years until in 1592 where he attains sufficient success as an actor. However, his rise to fame started because of his poems such as Venus and Adonius (1593), and Rape of Lucrece (1594). Two years after, he gains recognition for his plays.It must nev ertheless be stressed that Shakespeares fortune came not from acting or from writing poetry or plays. Shakespeares fortune came from his invest ment in a theatrical company. After he earns enough money, Shakespeare uses his earnings to invest in a theatrical company known as Lord Chamberlains men where he not only acts but also writes plays for the company.Shakespeare dies of a fever on April 23, 1616, the same month and day he is believed to have been born. (Encarta MSN 1) He leaves to his two daughters Susana and Judith, the bulk of his estate and 300 pounds, respectively. He gives his wife their second-best bed with the furniture. (Encarta MSN 1)

Patient Teaching Essay Example for Free

Patient Teaching EssayIntroductionI throw a dash chosen blowing as my teaching topic for this assignment. The specific customerle will be the new-fangled start out at between 2 and 7 twenty-four hourss postpartum, newly discharged from hospital. As a partnership health nurse work with children and young families, I do initial postpartum masticates at home. Breast eating is a in truth complex skill, natural, yet near measures difficult to do. The invitee is often overwhelmed with information received in hospital, so sessions must be unploughed unawargons, and made easy to agnise. The argona in which I work is multicultural. There is often a language barrier which further complicates teaching and distinguishing. Finding a teachable moment is easy (London, p. 95). recent m others are eager for helper in providing the outdo for their babies. Mothers whose babies ref part to clasp onto the breast or who hurl an irrational latch, may sometimes become in truth t ense and stressed. It is important to remain calm and supportive during teaching.The leaf node must be improve, not simply taught new skills (Rankin, p. 73). The newly acquired information will allow her to make her own decisions and to be the head of her own health care aggroup.AssessmentI start out been working with postpartum women for the past 6 years, and have 3 children of my own. I am able to use my own personal experiences with breast campaigning, my last having stopped only 2 years ago. I work well up with my co-workers, I know that I force outnot do it alone (London, p.51). We help each other e very step of the way and have a proficient back-up system available in the community. These include lactation consultants, breast makeing clinics, doctors, social workers and community agencies.The learner and her family are at the head of the team (London, p.47). They are normally very motivated to learn and ultimately want what is best for the tyke. It is easier to form k ins with the knob at home (London, p. 63). The environment is non-threatening to the learner and teacher. I fuel also learn a lot close to the client by observing the home. I have had m whatsoever clients tell me they were breast nutriment exclusively who had one-half empty stores of formula on the kitchen counter.The assessment process brings on the telephone before the visit. All new mothers are contacted when they arrive home. All are offered a home visit, some refuse. By help of a detailed questionnaire, we know the problems to focus on before the visit. This is very helpful as we can be better prepared with the required tools. Many patients are red flag patients (Rankin, p. 160). both(prenominal) speak very little English, have financial problems, are on welfare, or are single mothers.Culture and religion can influence teaching (London, p.296). It is impossible to generalize about one culture, so we must be careful to dig deeper when presented with a situation which may be affected by ones background. The area I work in is multicultural. The women speak many languages and I often rent to have a family member translate the teaching. This is sometimes quite challenging as I am not always true that what is being translated is actually what I am sayingI fork out not to allow my own beliefs own in the way of my patient care. I may not always agree with the decisions of others but always stay focused on the desired outcome. Some clients would prefer to breastfeed and others would prefer to bottle feed but are being influenced by family members. Support from family members generally improves the outcome (Stalling, p.163). The client will have an easier time adjusting to breastfeeding and will breastfeed for a longer period of time with family support. We imply to make adjustments in our teaching based on each individuals views. (London, p. 303). We should never make assumptions about anything.Self-efficacy is a very important factor in learning to breastfeed. The learner who thinks she can do it, will be to a greater extent successful. My department organizes a group that meets at the community center once a week. New mothers have a chance to meet each other and learn about breastfeeding. Using these role-models sometimes helps a woman with low self-efficacy learn to breastfeed (London, p.311).When I walk into a home, I can often tell within the first 10 transactions whether I will have to make a follow-up visit. At a typical visit I assess the screw up and mother, help with breastfeeding if necessary and fork out the mother with helpful information she will need in the first few months of the babys life. A typical visit lasts 1-2 hours. I usually provide printed material on the common breastfeeding problems to my clients. On the website WWW.Medela.com, on that point is very helpful information on breastfeeding in several languages. I use this site often to print out information on latching, sore nipples and engorgement. The information on the site is generally well written and edited. The vocabulary is easy copious to understand by most women. It is grammatically correct. There are no difficult or very technical terms.The subject in this paper is a mother of two who did not breastfeed her first child. She speaks English and works as a clerk in a drugstore. She has a university degree, so can considerably understand information at the 12th grade level.PlanningThe general goal of this teaching is for the client to be able to breastfeed in the tight-laced manner and to understand the benefits of breastfeeding in order to prolong breastfeeding for as long as possible. The following are the specific objectives for this clientle. At the end of the sessionThe client will state at least 5 benefits of breastfeeding vs bottle feeding. The client will demonstrate 3 distinguishable breastfeeding positions one time each. The client will describe the treatments for engorgement and sore nipples. The client will list 3 resources for further information after the visit. The client will recognize and state 3 factors which indicate the baby is receiving sufficient milk from breastfeeding.Teaching tools used will be demonstration, discussion, and hand-outs. It is important to prioritize learning needs. There are some facts which are very interesting but which are not necessary for the client to know. (Rankin, p. 191 and 197). The breastfeeding mother does not need to know the physiology of the breast, but she does need to understand the relationship between frequent feedings and increased milk production.Content outlineDiscussion of the benefits of breastfeeding.Discussion of the factors indicating that the baby is receiving sufficient milk.Observation of the client breastfeeding using 3 antithetic positions. Demonstration of proper breastfeeding technique for each position as needed. Discussion of breast engorgement and sore nipples and their management. Discussion of resources for furth er information about breastfeeding and the assess the need for a follow-up visit. *The teaching is mostly done by discussion and demonstration. This is a good way to get continuous feedback from the client. It is also a good way to ensure that all the important material is not forgotten. Practice makes undefiled. Adult learners need to be involved in the teaching (Rankin, p. 196) and want to mount what they learn adept away. This is especially important with breastfeeding, as the new mother must be able to master it within a very short time.It is not always necessary to cover all the information with each client. Some are too overwhelmed with information already others may already have the knowledge base and simply need help with latching.ImplementationI generally start teaching about breastfeeding immediately after having evaluated the client. I begin by discussion of the benefits of breastfeeding and the factors which indicate that the baby is receiving enough milk. Many women do not believe that they have enough milk and worry about the need to offer a supplement. It is important to explain this to them. If they do offer a supplement, their own milksupply may be reduced. Then, I assist the client at putting the baby to the breast using different positions as needed. I sometimes use a dummy breast to constitute the client the correct angle to use while feeding to ensure a proper latch. Visual aids sometimes help to make it shoot the breezem more real. When that has been mastered, I report with a discussion of the two most common problems found in the first weeks of breastfeeding, sore nipples and engorgement. I provide the client with written material on proper latching technique, sore nipple management and engorgement. Since these problems sometimes occur after a few sidereal days or weeks, it is helpful for the client to have this information in writing.I also provide an information sheet on the resources the client can use if she should need furth er help after the visit. I generally make a follow-up call one to three days after the visit and a follow-up visit as necessary. I sometimes refer the clients to the company Medelas website, www.medela.com. This site provides helpful information on breastfeeding and the common associated problems. The computer is only a tool, however. It provides information, not grooming (London, p. 246). I remain available to my clients by telephone or by email at all times.Recording transcribed (T=teacher, L=client)T Did you breastfeed with your first child?L No. I tried for about 3 days but gave up due to the pain.T Did you receive any help?L No. But it was less important to me hence. I was ok with bottle feeding.T Do you want to breastfeed Joshua?L Yes. I will be winning a year off of work and would like to breastfeed him as long as possible. Many of my friends have had babies in the past years and all are breastfeeding. They make it look so easy. I decided to try harder this time.T Joshua i s 3 days old. How have you been feeding him?L I tried to put him at the breast right after birth but he was too sleepy, and so was I. The first day he had a few bottles. Yesterday, I tried for the first time. I think it went ok but my nipples are very sore. I would like to learn how to breastfeed properly.T Well, we can discuss a few things now and I can show you the proper technique for a few different positions when he wakes up.L OKT First of all, why do you want to breastfeed?L bothone is telling me that it is the best thing for my baby.T They are right, but what do you think?L I want to do whats best for Joshua.T Breast milk is definitely the best for babies. One of the best things about breastfeeding is that the milk is always ready. You dont have any bottles to flying up or prepare, especially at 200 in the morning when youre exhausted. Because it is available right away, you dont have to make the baby wait. This will make it easier to calm him before he gets too agitated. I t is also a great time to bond with the baby and will make Joshua feel more secure. Breast milk is the best thing for your baby. Do you know what colostrum is?L Yes. I have been practice up on breastfeeding since I found out I was pregnant again. It is the yellow liquid that comes out before the milk comes in. I know that it helps to sustain jaundice.T Yes that is true. It acts as a mild laxative to encourage the baby to pass his first stools of meconium. It can also help to prevent ear infections and allergies. It is very rich in nutrients and allergies. Did Julia have jaundice?L No, she didnt.T Do you know of other benefits of breastfeeding?L I know that breast milk is the perfect formula for babies with the exact right nutrients that they need. It keeps babies from becoming over lading. I also know that it can help me lose the baby fat that much quicker.T Thats true. It can also save you money. The average cost of formula for 1year is about $1800, and that doesnt include the b ottles and other supplies. Breastfeeding requires you to eat about an extra 500 calories per day. This should cost, by comparison about $300 for the year.L With all the expenses of a new baby, we can use that money for many other things.T Thats for sure.L Can breastfeeding keep me from acquire pregnant again?T No. It is not a sure form of contraception. Although it is relatively effective in the first 6 months if you breastfeed exclusively. Some women ovulate as early as 6 weeks postpartum even when breastfeeding.L Good to know.T Do you know how to tell if the baby is receiving enough milk?L He will gain weight.T Yes. Thats a very good sign in the long run. There are other things as well. He should have at least 3 urines today since he is 3 days old. Then, you should see one more each day until the sixth day. That means that on the 4th day, he should have at least 4, on the 5th day at least 5 and from the sixth day onwards, at least 6 per day. How many has he had today.L So far he had 1 at 200 and another at 700. I dont think thats a problem.T Good. We would also expect to see a few stools everyday. They should gradually change from the black meconium stools, to brown and then to yellow. Many breastfed babies have a stool with every feed, but some have only 1 or 2 per day. Both are normal.L He has one almost every time he feeds.T Thats great. He should also be satisfied between feeds. That means he would feed every 1 to 3 hours in the first few weeks and have some period in between when he sleeps or remains calm. You told me that he feeds about every 2.5 hours and usually sleeps in between, so it sounds like he is right on target. A baby who is too sleepy and needs to be woken up for feedings may also not be acquiring enough. Do you have any questions so far?L No. Im glad hes getting enough milk and cant wait to see if hes gained weight.T You mentioned that your nipples are very sore. Have you done anything for the pain?L I am winning Advil and I was given s ome Lanolin ointment at the hospital. Do I need to wash it off before I feed the baby?T No, it is harmless for the baby. The best way to avoid sore nipples is correct positioning at the breast. If you have sore nipples already, I will show you how to have Joshua latch on properly. Meanwhile, for the soreness, you should apply a minute amount of your own breast milk on the nipples after each feeding. Then let it air dry as much as possible. After that, you can apply a bit of lanolin. Sometimes it helps to use different feeding positions during the day.L The nurse at the hospital told me to let my breasts air dry, but that is not easy in the hospital. How often can I use the lanolin?T You can use it 2-3 times per day.L Ok. I will try that.T Your milk has not come it yet, but should come in in the next few days. It usually comes in by the 3rd to 5th day. It is important to feed regularly to encourage your milk production and also to prevent engorgement. Do you know what engorgement is ?L Yes. I was very engorged about a week after Julia was born.T Engorgement can be very agonizing and can make it impossible for the baby to latch on properly.(baby wakes up. L gets the baby)L What should I do if I get engorged?T Engorgement usually lasts only a few days. Some women just produce more milk than others. If you get engorged, it is important to continue feeding often. You can apply warm compresses and massage your breasts. If it is more severe, you may need to express a bit of milk for relief, which you can do manually or you may need to use a pump. A well-fitted supportive bra may help.L I have bought a good bra, but havent worn it yet. I will sling my husband out to profane a pump today. What kind do you recommend?T It depends on how often you would like to use it. If you are mean to breastfeed all the time, then a manual pump may be enough. There are however, some inexpensive electrical pumps which you can buy for under $40. These may be easier and quicker to use . You can use them to relieve engorgement and to pump if you go out from time to time.L My friend uses a gum elastic First pump which is electric. She bought it at Walmart for about $35 and says it works well.T Thats probably a good choice for you too. Do you have access to the net profit?L YesT If you check out the site www.medela.com, you can find information about choosing a pump. If you pump to relieve engorgement, you should only pump for a few minutes. If you pump too much milk, you will only encourage more milk production.L Thank you, Ill check the site. Would you like to see how I feed him now?T Sure.(L puts baby to the breast using cross cradle positioning. The baby does not take enough of the areolaso L has pain.)T He is not on properly. To release the suction, household your finger gently between his gums, like this. In order to get him to latch on well, you first need to make sure that you are comfortable since you will be breastfeeding so often. Use pillows to get yo urself comfortable. Take your time and slake before you start. When you are ready, make sure the babys nose is facing the nipple. His head should be aligned with his body. Gently stroke his upper lip with your nipple. When he opens his mouth, poke him quickly towards you, so that he can take as much of the areola as possible.L How do I know if he is taking enough?T The most important cue is that you will have no pain. Generally the babys chin is touching the bottom of the breast, and there is a small space between his nose and your breast. Hold your baby close to you and support his head. There is no normal or standard way to breastfeed. If the baby is feeding well and you have no pain, it is working well.L I dont feel any pain now.T Can you hear him swallow?L Yes.T Excellent. Then you are doing it very well. Notice how his body is aligned with his head, he is most comfortable that way. Look at his chin and his nose. See how they are positioned. You can see that he has opened his mouth very wide and is taking enough of the breast. Would you like me to show you how to hold him in some other positions?L Yes. I would like to learn how to lie down to feed. It would be so much easier at night.T Thats true. When youre very tired, its a lot easier. The basics are the same. You want to ensure that the baby is facing you and that his body is aligned with his head. Make yourself comfortable. Use a pillow behind your back or between your knees if you need one.(L Demonstrates the technique.)T That is very good. Are you comfortable?L Yes, very. And no painT Breastfeeding is not always as easy as some masses make it seem. It takes practice. The beginning is a learning process for you and for the baby. Let me show you one more position that you may like to use. This is the football hold. It is easier to use when the baby is small like Joshua but is sometimes more difficult later on. Hold him so that his legs and body are under your arm, like this. Then place your hand und er his head and neck. If youve ever played football, thats how a football is held.L I dont like that one. It is much easier the other way.T Not everybody likes that position. You have to do whats best for you and for your baby so use the position thats most comfortable.(Baby weighed lost 8.5% of birth weight)T He lost a bit more weight. But thats normal. Most breastfed babies lose 10% or more of their birth weight in the first few days. They usually regain their birth weight within 10 days. Do you remember how to tell if he is drinking enough?L Yes. He should have at least 6 unbendable diapers every day after the 6th day and a couple of stools. He should also wake up alone to feed and sleep well between feedings. And of course, he should gain weight.T Exactly.T I will be returning to weigh Joshua again Wednesday (in 48 hrs). I will continue to follow him until he starts to gain some weight. If you need help before then, you can call the CLSC (community clinic) at the number I gave you earlier. As I told you earlier, there is a breastfeeding clinic every Thursday morning as well. At the clinics, there are nurses available to weight the baby and to help you more with breastfeeding. Here is some information on breastfeeding that we discussed today (pamphlets on latching, sore nipples and engorgement given). If you have any questions about them, let me know.Evaluation of learnerI always do a telephone follow-up within 1-3 days. This is very effective as the client will have had some time to process all the information (London, p.62). If necessary, a repeat visit will also be planned. Unfortunately I cannot always have the client do three separate demonstrations (London, p. 386) due to compute and time constraints.Discussion worked best with the subject in this paper. She was educated and was eager to learn proper techniques. She had self-efficacy, skills and knowledge all important factors if changing behaviors (Rankin, p 292). She was rattling and very inter ested in learning. She participated in the discussion. She was able to apply the information immediately during my visit.At the follow-up visit 2 days later, the client was doing very well. She was able to breastfeed without any pain or difficulty. We discussed engorgement again, a problem which had developed since my first visit. She explained what she had done to relieve the engorgement, which was how I had explained it to her. The what if scenario had worked .(London p.386)Evaluation of teacherI could have done more assessment of the learner while I was teaching. I find myself being drawn into a routine with my teaching that is sometimes hard to get out of. Most of the teaching is very repetitive from one client to the next, however, each client learns in her own fashion. I try to keep the client interested in what I have to say. I encourage her and give her positive feedback. Sometimes I forget the goals of the session and get off track, or provide the client with unnecessary in formation. I find that using a checklist helps me to stay on the right track and to not cast off anything important.Evaluation of resourcesThe handouts I usually give out to my clients on latching, engorgement and sore nipples, all score over 70% by the SAM test (Rankin, p.238), so making them good resources. I provide this information to my clients to use as the situations arise. Although I explain the handouts to all my clients, not all women get engorged for those that do, it usually happens after my visit. Having the handouts at home allows them to refer to the information as a reference when they need it most.ConclusionThe teaching session went very well. The client was intelligent, educated and eager to learn. Overall this teaching technique used for teaching breastfeeding works well with most of the clientle I see at home. Every person is unique and adjustments always need to be made accordingly.BibliographyForrest, S. (2004). Learning and teaching The reciprocal link. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 35(2), 74-79.London, F. (1999). No time to teach? A nurses guide to patient and family education. New York Lippincott.Medela (2007) Your Resource for breastfeeding products and information. on-line. Available http//www.medela.com.Rankin, S.H., Stallings, K.D., London, F. (2005). Patient education in health and illness (5th ed.). New York Lippincott.

Mapping an Argument Essay Example for Free

Mapping an Argument EssayThe first article talks about the lack of regulation on the quality and safety of our food whollyow even though there argon wellness food options, such as fruits and vegetables. Especially, in the federal school lunch programs that put on contributed to poor health of our younger citizens. The United States has had one of the safest food systems in the world, but within the last few years 70 million Americans have gotten sick, 300,000 have been hospitalized, and 5,000 interrupt from food-borne illnesses each year. Consumers always identify with wholesome non harmful foods. Our children today are most at lay on the line from these food threats, with about half of all food-borne illnesses hitting children under 15. The tens of millions of victims of food-borne illnesses represent only a small segment of the causalities from our failure as Americans to require safe and nutritious foods. A regulation of chemicals, legion(predicate) of the fruits and v egetables that should be healthy and nutritious are being laced with dangerous pesticides.Many foods that are being marketed to our children have trans-fats and high fructose corn syrup, that have contributed to the epidemic of obesity in young children, heart disease and diabetes in older populations. It is far from perfect, but the Food Safety Enhancement Act (HR2749) was passed by the House of Representatives in 2008 and has taken steps in the right direction. The Act has given more authority to the FDA, which had restored some of the power to conduct food inspections and intone oversight.Yes, legion(predicate) regulations have been in place but since January 2010, over 850,000 pounds of beef have been recalled due to E. oli. Like I said it is far from over, but many more safety legislation should be able to target the largest causes of these food-borne illnesses. I believe that all of this would not happen if the growth of small farms. The less risk of contamination and not as many people would be put into the hospital or even die because the animals, fruits and vegetables would be processed and cleaned correctly. They would be handled with no pesticides and would actually be more healthy then what is grown today. The second article talks about online poker.Many states are trying to outlaw online gambling, for suit Minnesota, their arguments are trying to save citizens from ruin, but many states are running their own casino and betting operations. A ban on poker, a venture the requires skill, is against American and capitalist principles and would restrict peoples freedom. Monday April 29, 2009, The Minnesota surgical incision of Public Safety gave notice to all major internet service providers that they leave be enjoin to block service to a list of 200 internet gambling related sites. It may expand to thousands of sites, depending on compliance.Chris Fox, who dramas poker for a living, is very dark about the issue since he plays poker for a living and if the ban is upheld, then he would have to move states. Canada on the other hand has not made online poker illegal and are much more friendly toward online poker players. Online poker is all about skill and defined on the Department of Public Safetys own website, games of skills are not illegal. When the government all of a suddenly tries to attempt something like enforcing a law that does not even rightfully exist and try to prevent players from doing something that is actually legal, it is always about money or politics.In conclusion, there is really no conclusion since there are many ways around this prohibition and that it will not prevent anyone who really wants to play from getting online and playing poker where ever they choose to. The telegram Act of 1961, which was meant for preventing the transmission of sports bets over phone lines and the internet did not exist. Many people have emailed the Department of Justice to let them know that people play online poker every day and that they should come arrest these people, but never heard anything back. The threats that are used now are very minimal and will find other Americans to hassle.

Survey on Sanitary Conditions and Hygiene

Survey on Sanitary Conditions and HygieneABSTRACTMauritius is known as a nirvana island, attracting thousands of tourists each year. During the last two decades this sector has undergone a rapid ontogeny making it one of the most strategic pillars of our economy. Nowadays our country relies a serve on this industry as it is a source of revenue for foreign currency. Our hotels accommodate the major(ip)ity of this population. Hotels depict them with basic readjustment much(prenominal) as lodge and nutrient facilities. wherefore both wrong heed in this sector stack name drastic changes to our economy. The Government did a lot to promote this sector, by amending laws protecting the environment while another(prenominal) government activity atomic number 18 working hard to avoid propagation and controlling communicable diseases. thitherfore hotels swallow an grievous role in maintaining a good hygienic level and in addition in the fight of controlling any diseases or in fections by reporting them to the authorities concerned. Thus a study was carried divulge to study the general salubrious practices of medium coat hotels of Mauritius.Fifty hotels were selected at random throughout the island. Two good deal questionnaires were designed. Questionnaire 1 was designed for my someoneal take hold of to assess the hygienic stipulates of nutriment preparation ara, rooms and other facilities open whereas questionnaire 2 was designed to assess the friendship of the nutrient handlers concerning various issues.After carrying out the surveys, it was found that simple hygienic practices were lacking among the nutrient handlers. Moreover some hotels vigorous conditions were not satisfactory concerning real issues, thus not complying with the recommended laws. Good sanitary facilities were not provided by the hotels management.CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONOverviewA hotel is an establishment providing paid lodgement on short clock time basis. It provides ba sic accommodation consisting of room with bed, great deal and bathroom and water deftness. It also provides nutriment for room process daily and has its own restaurant (Wikipedia, 2010). Therefore it essentialiness have a high level of hygiene.Hotels accommodate adults, children and old persons. People coming from all parts of the world. These people atomic number 18 strangers with several(predicate) life styles and variant personal hygiene levels. A good degree of hygiene in the hotel establishment is therefore needed to counteract any hygienic problems that whitethorn arise. Therefore hotels must provide services of good quality with trained personnel.The level of hygiene of staffs must be considered as priority. The workers must cope with all sanitary regulations for themselves to be middling and not to be the ca habituate of any infection spread. Hotels argon regulated because of modifyliness reason and sanitary practices which help to prevent the spread of dis eases and parasites. Inspections are do to ensure they track down safely complying with all regulations such as Public health Act, Safety and health Act or the diet Act. (FAQ, 2010).From a research carried out by Environmental Health Division in the United States, discernions carried out by the inspectors were mainly to have a visual question for overall cleanliness and soundness of edifice construction. Moreover simple inspections were done concerning proper process of dishes like cups and glasses, proper laundering of bed and bath linens. Other inspections performed were to cheek in the maintenance of other room furnishings and for the absence of rodents and insects that are of great importance in preventing diseases. These inspections are effected according to the Tourist Accommodation regulation (Environmental Health, 2010).Hotels are inspected at least once per year and sometimes much more depending on complaints arising from the public. In United States, Fire Marsha l approval is an crucial factor else no permit is delivered (Environmental Health,2010). . In Mauritius hotels license are issued aft(prenominal) approval of an EIA and compliance of all wellness codes.Food hygiene training is an all- measurable(a) factor in hotels. Adopting a safe forage discourse practice is an valuable factor for effective management of food safety. A study carried out by the International Journal of Environmental Health Research on food hygiene training practices by interviewing managers and food handlers. It showed that most of the food handlers had undertaken globe food hygiene training courses but many others did not and still were preparing food, including high risk foods. Pre-training support and on-going supervision was absent, thus limiting its effectiveness. It is believed that food handlers are in many cases causes of food contamination (Taylor and Francis, 2008).Researches effected in Wales, showed many that hotels were criticised for a number o f failures. Numerous high risk foods were kept past their use by dates. Chopping boards were in a state that could no longer be disinfected properly due to their worn state while mouldy plastic loot containers were also spotted. Other hotels were criticised for inadequate level of food hygiene awareness among its staff while another had a leaking cellar roof (Woodrow, 2009). Other researches account that in United States, there were cases where rooms were causes of sickness where housekeeping staff was not properly doing their job (Conrad,2008). In New York, during an inspection it was observed that a hotel room was infested by bed bugs, mice and other vermin (Riverside Studio, 2009).Studies carried out in other parts of the world have demonstrated that hotels often lack a good hygiene level. Carelessness of workers lead to food contamination and other infections. However our country is not the best compared to them. This study is being carried out to investigate the level of hyg iene in our medium size hotels of Mauritius.AIMS AND OBJECTIVESAims of the studyThe aim of the study is to assess the level of hygiene present in medium size hotels of Mauritius. Food handlers are to be assessed concerning food hygiene practices in food processing area. Housekeeping staffs are to be assessed about the importance of hygiene in rooms and also evaluating the level the familiarity of workers concerning communicable diseases. Recommendations were also made for improvements.Objectives of the studyThe objectives of the study are toTaking a attempt size of at least 50 hotels around Mauritius to have an overview evaluation of the level of hygiene over the whole island.Carry out a survey for my personal view of hygiene in hotels.Carry out a second survey to assess the fellowship of workers about hygienic importance in their working go inCompare the sanitary facilities available in these hotels to the law requirements.Analyse the data and to make propose recommendations fo r improving the level of hygiene and the sanitary facilities available.CHAPTER 2 belles-lettres REVIEWHygieneHygiene is described as the science of preserving health in connection to cleanliness. It compromises all those measures necessary to detect and prevent infection and drinking which may be harmful to health. The aim of a good hygiene is to provide consumers with both a good service and safe food. It involves all measures tell to ensure a safe and good quality product and service. Hygiene is an important factor in a business as it helps to protect and also promote ones reputation. In order to have all these, it is a must to comply with all Acts Regulations made in the law (schurmann,2008).Food poisoningFood poisoning is one result of poor hygienic practices. We are surrounded by tiny living organisms that cannot be seen without a microscope. These organisms are called microorganisms. Some are harmless whereas those which are harmful are called pathogens. They are found ever ywhere. An example is Staphylococcus aureus living on the skin as a normal flora. The corresponding bacteria if in contact with food, can cause food poisoning. This is one of the most common food poisoning bacteria. Another example is E.Coli living course in our intestines for breaking down of food, but when in the urinary tract, it causes serious infections (Frazier W, 1995).Contamination can be made by different bacteria such as Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium botulinum. The symptoms arising when consuming food harboring these harmful bacteria are familiar to most people. They are namely vomiting, headache, abdominal annoying and diarrhea. There is loss of fluid through vomiting and diarrhea in most severe cases. Those who are more prone to such risk are youngs and elderly or already ill people. Therefore sanitary conditions play an important role in preventing such disease to happen. Necessary precautions must be taken at all stages in food preparation and most important when this concerns bulk production of food as in hotels (JFraser,Microbiology Book).To prevent food poisoning there are three main things that can be donestop the bacteria from multiplying by Bacteria reproduce very if they welcome suitable conditionsmoisture,food,warmth, andtimeTherefore it is important to prevent such conditions by using proper storage.stop bacteria getting onto the foodKeeping food coverHandling food as little as possibleKeeping raw and take a shited foods separateKeeping animals and pests out of the kitchenDisposing of rubbish in covered binsdestroy the bacteria in the foodonly a few bacteria are able to survive temperatures higher than 70o C. This is why it is important to cook food thoroughly.Food such as meat and vegetables should be chopped into small pieces to ensure cooking.Food that is reheated, should be used only once. The left overs should be discarded.Frozen food should be well defrosted before cooking as it may happen that inner part remain uncooked.Food borne diseasesFood-borne disease arises when dirty food is ingested containing a pathogen. This pathogen causes problems only because of the fact that it reproduces inside the human be which provides all necessary factors for its development. Poor food manipulation and noisome sanitation practices are commonly the cause of food-borne diseases in food establishments. One example is the gut bacteria Escherichia coli causing food-borne disease. It may be present through faecal or other source of contamination. E.coli caused 20 deaths and 200 other cases in Lanarkshire, Scotland in 1996 which needed to be treated during the outbreak. This bacteria is particularly dangerous because few bacterial cells, possibly 20 minimum need be ingested by a person to cause severe symptoms( Maff, 2000).A study carried out in Mekelle townspeople in Ethiopia to determine the sanitary conditions in 420 establishments including small hotels showed that latrines, hand washing b asins, proper symbol of solid waste government activity and tap water were available at 96.9% , 57.1 % , 39.2% and 93.6% respectively. Proper dish washing and food storage practices were observed at 46% and 52% respectively. But poor personal hygiene among the workers and food handlers were observed. Staphylococcus aureus and E.Coli were found in utensils at a high level which can only result from poor hygienic practices of the workers. (Ethiop.J.Health Dev. 2007).It was observed that sanitary conditions were well-kept but however there were conditions where there was non adherence in workers. Our country is not an exception to such food-borne outbreaks. The sanitary inspectors of the Ministry of Health are here to shit support to avoid such problems. peeing borne diseasesWater contamination is common worldwide. The category affected is mainly young people and elders having a poor resistant outline. A study was carried out in India about the water hygiene behaviours in hotels an d restaurants few years ago. It showed that contamination in drinking water is made by man and usually due to improper storage, manipulation and serving which leads to serious water borne diseases. It has been noticed that in a drinking water sample of 340, 69.1% were non-potable water and 73.2 % had presence of E.Coli due to human faecal matter. Causes to this outbreak were poor hygiene behaviours, storage and handling practices which was known to deteriorate the water quality. This could have been change by educating the workers and food handlers in these hotels and restaurants. This can result to illness of mainly diarrhoea and vomiting, whereas other symptoms include fever, abdominal pain, headache and giddiness (Pubmed,2003).General sanitary requirements in hotelsPeople normally visit a hotel for short-term basis. There is a continuous f poor of incoming and outgoing people. Different people from different countries stay in same room. Therefore rooms must be well sanitized an d disinfected after each visit. Aeration and external respiration is important. Cleanliness and sanitary practices play an important role in maintaining this balance. It helps to prevent the spread of diseases and parasites not only to tourists but also our general population. Hotels are therefore inspected to make sure that it copes with the law and that they operate safely following the Health Codes (Lockyer,2003).Points that are inspected and controlled for aiming a good cleanliness and soundness of building facility are Absence of pests such as rodents and insectsProper handling and storage of trashProper laundering of bed linens and bedProper washing of utensils such as plates ,cups and glassesNo hazards due to infrastructure of building facilityCloakroom accommodation for staffsProper services such as power, heat, waterGeneral maintainance of area to eliminate potential breeding places for mosquitoes or other vectorsNo domestic animals in areaFire safety and emergency exitsG ood hygiene rulesConsumer satisfaction is prior to all. Thus a good service and hygienic food and water are important. fashions should be well maintained. Housekeeping section plays an important role. It is the backbone of any good hotel. Employees of housekeeping department are made responsible for maintenance, as they have to visit each room every day to set the room for same the guest or the next guest. During their routine visit, they check all the possible electric point, water points, gadgets, while replacing linen, soap, shampoo, towel, etc other important factors are listed below.Sanitary design set forth should be assessed and designed in such a way to reduce health hazards.Personal Hygiene and Food handlers One must be better about hygiene and to start oneself should be hygienic in all aspects and should possess a food handlers security measures.Cleanliness Working environment should be maintained clean. There should be a high standard of cleanliness, most importan t for those handling food stuffs.Awareness knowledge of hygiene practices in work place, communicable diseases awareness. work force Skin Hand is the main route for contamination. Therefore to avoid food poisoning bacteria to get in contact with food, water and soap must be used for washing time to time.Mouth, nose ear it is the route for staphylococcus bacteria to enter food through coughing, sneezing and scratching. Therefore necessary precautions should be taken be avoid these during food preparation.Sanitary conditions in restaurantsA good hygiene is required in food premises to make sure food is safe. It prevents food poisoning and prevent spreading of any communicable diseases resulting from careless personnel or caterers handling food stuffs. Rules such as Cleanliness, Cooking, Chilling and Cross Contamination should be well observed while handling food. Food safety and hygiene practice using Hazard analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) is recommended by WHO and FAO to maintain a good quality of food and services (Silva, 2001). Trained personnel should preferably be employed. Facilities such as proper dustbins, wash hand basins and toilets should be made available for the workers.Points that should be observed in aiming a good and safe food hygiene areood handlers CertificateFloors (smooth clean)Ceilings / Walls maintained properlyUtensils properly serve sterilizedProper sanitary design of kitchenFly proof and rodent proofStorage accommodation of foodsDisposal of waste (Solid and Liquid)Drainage systemWash hand easily availableGood aeration / temperature /HumidityWork area spacious enough for workersShowers facility for workers(Working Day / Night)Hygiene in kitchenAll employees working in food premises either in the task of preparation, handling or serving food should possess a food handler certificate after having followed a medical inspection by a doctor. They should have a satisfactory knowledge of hygiene and cleanliness and be aware of possible problems caused of improper food handling. Health education plays an important role in promoting food and personal hygiene. All staffs should be given appropriate training. Health inspectors have an important work in providing health education by promoting awareness of dangers of food poisoning and poor hygiene practicesMedical certificateThe law states that every food handler involved in food business should be in possession of a validated medical certificate. This food handler certificate is issued by a G.M.O and is valid for only 3 years and has to be revitalizeed each year. This certifies that its owner is in good health and is not suffering from any communicable diseases (Food Regulation, 1999) (refer to Appendix 2).Obtention of medical certificateThe person has to call at the Health lieu of the Ministry Of Health of his region with his national identity card and with two photo passport. An appointment is given for a session of talk on hygienic practices and after due accomplishment, the latter is examined by a Regional Public Health Superintendent (RPHS). Thereafter if the person is observed to be in good health, the certificate is obtained(Food Regulation,1999)Working environmentThe standard of cleanliness of factory and its workers is a reflection of the standard of efficiency of management and the morale of the working population. Provision has been made in the occupational Safety and Health Act 2005 concerning welfare of workers and overcrowding in place of work. It says that a place of work shall not be overcrowded as it can cause risks of health injury of the employees. It is mentioned that the space allowed shall not be less than 11 cubic metres per workers (OSHA, 2005, Appendix 3). Kitchen is an example where there is often overcrowding of workers in hotels.SmokingThe personnel should be well educated and trained about hygiene in a workplace. Employees should not smoke during work, mainly during preparation of food or while handling any food stuffs or utensils. Smoking is prohibited by law in any public places and moreover smoking in a food preparation area can pass diseases from an individual to another. Customers also can be contaminated. Smokers can transfer harmful bacteria from their mouth to food and thereafter, consumers of these foods may ingest these bacteria in turn. These bacteria can be harmless on the carrier but harmful to another person.Communicable diseasesAny person suffering from a communicable disease, boils, sores, acute respiratory infection or bleeding wounds should not be allowed to work in any food premises. A list of these diseases is listed in (Appendix 4). All communicable diseases should also be reported to the Health Offices for treatment. Therefore all employees should possess their food handler certificate and renew it every year by a doctor to ensure that safe food and services are provided to customers. The law has made provisions concerning infective or communicable diseases. I t is said that the occupier of any premises in which a patient resides shall give notice to Sanitary Authority or if visited by a medical practitioner and it is confirmed that the patient is suffering from an infectious disease, health inspector of the region shall made aware of the existence of the disease , name of the patient, the power of the premises and name of the occupier. (Public Health Act,Appendix 5).Preventing food contaminationWe should not forget the motto PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE . Prevention of food contaminations is a must. purloin preventive measures should be taken. Employees should give attention to personal hygiene and the working habits in a hotel kitchen.Body should be kept clean by washing and bathing.Hands should be washed at least on every occasion when entering food preparation zone.Hands and arms should he washed thoroughly using soap and water after each visit to the toilet. reduce use of common towel (use paper that are disposable).Wear clean an d washable overall preferably whiteKeep hands away from mouth, nose ,hair ,ear while workingDo not eat while handling food/ preparationDo not wipe hands on overallUse spoons, forks , tongs instead of hands in preparationAvoid useless blabbering while workingSmoking, spitting should e avoided in working areaObey food safety signsKeep work area cleanStaff facilities maintained in good hygienic conditionsA research carried out in 2004 in a popular hotel of Egypt after a major outbreak of Hepatitis A where 351 tourists was contaminated showed that there was poor sanitation, no proper health education and medical examination. An infected worker with imperfect hand hygiene and who was in contact with sewage-contaminated water was the source of this huge outbreak. (Eurosurveillance, 2006) Concerning food safety, the WHO has initiatives for surveillance programme with objectives of a development of an international food safety network, application of HACCP and development of a safety infor mation system. (WHO, 2004).Storage of foodFood storage is important industrially. Hotels prepare food for hundreds of persons daily. Therefore a good storage system is necessary. Area should be pest proof, warm, clean and not humid. There are three main categories of food requiring different storage methods.Dry food should be kept in a warm place and not humid to avoid spoilage by microorganisms growth.Chilled food should be stored at an appropriate low temperature, and precautions should be taken in case of electricity cut.Canned food should be verified before using. Stock rotation is important concerning canned products. It is important that you rotate and use your food storage (Caldwell M, 2006).Storage of waterAn ample supply of water should be provided with adequate facilities for its storage and adequate protection against contamination. Water is used both in food preparation and rooms for toilets and bathrooms. Many aquatic microorganisms can survive and flourish in water wit h minimal nutrients and can be transferred to people with poor immune system. A study conducted in United States described how gastroenteritis is a common outbreak in hotels. unsettled state flow and stagnation in distribution systems affect the biological stability of drinking water which promotes bacterial accumulation (Dippold L et al, 2000). Therefore it is important that tanks are fitted tightly with lids and that they are regularly cleaned and sampled for chemical and bacteriological analysis.Cleaning frequency is an important factor. The tanks should be verified in case of rusting of any parts and dates should be noted at each cleaning done. (Logan G, 2008). Tanks should be cleaned at least once every trimester for proper maintainance to avoid microorganism proliferation. run out disposalA hotel can be considered as a microcosm in itself having the potential of producing all kinds of waste that is hazardous. Hazardous waste comes in many different shapes and forms it can be liquid, solid, gas or sludge, and more often it is poured down sinks directly or accomplish to regular waste stream (Patel A, 2008). The types of waste generated in hotels and their sources are listed below.However there are two main types of hotel waste, solid(dry),known to be non-biodegradable and liquid(wet),biodegradable wastes. The risk and problem that arises are odour, unaesthetic and it acts as breeding place for vector of diseases (flies, rats, rodents), thus a nuisance to health (Wagh V, 2005).Solid wasteSolid waste is described as materials of no longer value and which is not meant to be discharged through pipework. These dry wastes comprise of plastic bottles, papers, plastic wrappers, HDPE bags etc. These wastes should not be mixed with the wet waste which may produce bad odor and dirty look. They should be disposed in dry places for storage until collection is done (Wagh V, 2005).Liquid wasteLiquid waste is simply discharged in sinks. Wet waste comprises of food and vegetable. Most hotels kitchen sinks are fitted with a garbage disposer (garburator) which is a device installed under the kitchen sink between drain and pipe which shred waste into pieces enough to pass them through plumbing. Grease traps are also fitted to prevent drains to be blocked from fats, oil and grease. Some hotels also provide septic tanks to avoid potential problems that may occur in case there is blockage of main sewage pipes provided by the Government.Elimination of mosquito breeding placesThe hotels management does the necessary to avoid spreading of diseases. Potential breeding places for vectors are eliminated by draining all roofs water accumulation at least twice a week and insecticides are sprayed. All ponds and garden water are regularly checked and all bottles or containers are removed and bushes like the grass are well maintained. The Ministry Of Health also provide services for spraying insecticides on a regular basis (MOH, 2009Health surveillance of tourists Tourist can be responsible for spreading of diseases. One recent case notified was in 2009 where the first case of H1N1 flu virus was detected in a French tourist. The Ministry Of Health has provided officers for this specific duty. Health surveillance Officers are responsible to contact every incoming passengers in order to know their health condition on arrival to Mauritius. The hotel management plays an important role as they need to report any kind of communicable diseases occuring in their residence (MOH Health, 2009).The Ministry Of Health has a list of infectious and communicable diseases that are controlled closely as shown in (Appendix 4).CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGYMethodologyA survey was carried out and two questionnaires were designed where one was for personal view and opinion about the working place and food handlers and the second, to assess the workers and their knowledge to food hygiene.50 hotel in all were chosen throughout Mauritius. Random survival of the fittest wil l give a broader view of hygiene in hotels around the island. List of hotel was obtained from the Tourism Authority at Port-Louis and some details obtained at the Municipality and Health offices.The QuestionnairesQuestionnaire for Personal View of Foodhandlers, Checklist for Kitchen and environment (room, garden, Swimming pool). (Appendix 6)Questionnaire for personal hygiene for the workers (Appendix 7)The questionnaire (Appendix 6) is a checklist concerning the number of workers, personal hygiene at sight, state of preparation area and toilet in the hotel kitchen. The workers who were pointed were mainly cooks, waiters and maids who work in hotel restaurant.A walkthrough was done where access was granted by the management in the kitchen to assess the level of hygiene of the workers and to inspect if they practice personal hygiene. The toilets were also seen and mess rooms. The second part of the questionnaire was dedicated for rooms and the environment such as garden.Points that we re observed during the walkthrough inspection wereNo of military groupSanitary conditionsWater availabilityLightingVentilationRefuse disposalToilets and bathroomsThe second questionnaire was designed for food handlers to assess their knowledge about hygienic practices and food poisoning.CHAPTER 4 RESULTSResults and FindingsPossession of food handlers certificate among workersGeneral personal hygiene among workersThe below bar chart shows the general personal hygiene maintained among workers at work and it can be concluded that 98% of them keep their hands clean, 94% keep their fingernails clean, 75% have their hair covered, 100% keep their body clean. But it could also be observed that only 25% of them keep their overall clean and 13% of them had nail varnish.Wall conditions of kitchensThe wall conditions of the kitchens were surveyed and was found to have the following structures 82% of them are waterproof, 88% can be observed to be clean, 93% are washable, 82% are without crevic es, 94% are painted white and 86% of them are tiled up to 2 meters from floor.VentilationFrom figure 6, it can be seen that 83% of the hotels had adopted a good ventilation system using air conditioner for ease of workers while 17% of them did not have appropriate ventilation system.Lighting patternure 7 describes the lighting condition in the preparation area. 78% of the hotels were seen to provide a good lighting system for the workers and 22% had lighting system not satisfactory.Provision for refuse disposalRefuse disposal availability was surveyed and was found that 50% had foot operated pedal bins,70% of the garbage bins were cleaned and disinfected regularly,75% had their bins covered while 95% removed them daily.Room managementRoom conditions were observed to be at 72% satisfactory. 28% was seen to have a bad room management.Frequency of changing Blanket on bedFrom Fig 10. it can be observed that 80% of hotels changes bed blanket regularly,5% on a weekly basis and 15% when i t seems necessary to do so that is when seen dirty. keister and toilets sanitary conditionsFrom the result obtained during the survey, it has been found that toilets and bathrooms in rooms are at 70% and 75% clean respectively..Detergents DistributionThe figure below gives detail of the type of detergents commonly used in hotels for sanitizing and cleaning purposes and their percentage used.Knowledge of food poisoningDuring the survey it was observed that only 40% of workers interviewed had a satisfactory knowledge of food poisoning and answered yes to the question whereas the other part could not give explanation food poisoning.Validity of food handlers certificate Professional training by employerFrom the survey carried out among workers, it was found that among the 70% of workers who were in possession of a food handlers certificate, only 55% of them were valid while 15% of them were