Analysis of the article from Foucault’s perspective Essay

In â€Å"Discipline and Punishment†, Foucault focuses on the major social control institution, which is penitentiary system, or system of punishment and prevention of delinquent and deviant behavior. Andrew Jacobs in his article entitled â€Å"Whistle-Blowers in Chinese City Sent to Mental Hospital† discusses the government’s struggle against undesirable, yet legal, actions of citizens like petitioning and seeking justice. The present paper is intended to analyze the article through the lens of Foucault’s framework of punishment.   First of all, it needs to be noted that neither Foucault nor Jacobs write about the justice as the conceptual and moral foundation of the so-called law enforcement authorities. In Foucault’s opinion, what actually underlies the entire punishment system is striving for power as the end in itself: in the Middle Ages, for instance, public executions were administered in cases of those criminals who obviously undermined the ruler’s power and political influence. The article by Jacobs in fact is additional evidence of this thesis: whereas the citizens do actually nothing unlawful by   preparing petitions, they are nevertheless placed in mental health institutions, due to the fact that they to certain degree interfere with the execution of absolute power. This also proves the fact that the modern authorities and power/ governance institutions nowadays have become so complicated and autonomous system that they begin to function for their own sake, â€Å"forgetting† about their initial purpose, which consisted in serving the interests of the multitude. Foucault admits that the present-day punishment is free of tortures in order to evoke in potential criminals the fear of the penalty itself, rather than the pain and physical suffering. The scholar also adds that science in technology increasingly more often serve the purposes of this system so that a number of professionals including lawyers, police officers, engineers and psychiatrists are involved into the examination and investigation.   In this sense, the case of Shandong Province clearly shows that relatively painless measures are used to prevent citizens from excessive petitioning ; moreover, a successful tandem of police authorities and mental health specialists increase the reliability of this practice: â€Å"During a 20-day stay, he said, he was lashed to a bed, forced to take pills and given injections that made him numb and woozy. According to the paper, when he told the doctor he was a petitioner, not mentally ill, the doctor said: â€Å"I don’t care if you’re sick or not. As long as you are sent by the township government, I’ll treat you as a mental patient† (Jacobs, par.5). Thus, even health care as a social institution in general is actually an institution of social control, fully supporting and following the ambitions and interests of the existing authorities. Due to the fact that justice-seekers, as it has been noted above, act legally, they are not eligible to become prison inmates, so law enforcement agencies send them to mental hospitals. This means, the punishment and corrections system has become so vast and multifaceted that it can now achieve a number of different goals, including the goal of imposing a penalty on the individual, whose actions are not fully beneficial for the institutions of power.   Thus, such institutions, which serve their own needs, find strategies of curbing unfavorable behavior and select a path of minimal resistance: instead of officially declaring active petitioners as criminals (which will result in the need for reviewing and revising the entire legislation), these officials make an open statement that truth-seekers are simply mad and need special medical treatment. Thus, they even show this situation as the act of saving the society from one more mentally imbalanced citizen and preserving or improving this   person’s health. Thus, the philosophy ostensibly underlying this practice   seems noble, but it needs to be remembered that the institutions of power and social control work moistly for their own sake and attempt to expand and strengthen their influence. Foucault also dedicates a part of his work to describing the concept of discipline. In particular, the scholar asserts that discipline is one of behavioral compliance-gaining techniques, which consists in managing the distribution of individuals in space, controlling their time and clearly defining their relations with the institutions of social control. In this sense, the Chinese authorities obviously seek to introduce a new discipline and eliminate the habit of creating petitions and lawsuit against the governmental institutions, i.e. the practice of   hospital confinement is intended to deter individuals from interfering with the government’s course. This is actually the heart of discipline – the recognition of power, obedience and absolute acceptance of the programs and campaigns of the ruling institutions. Moreover, this out of common type of discipline allows finding supporters, who would be the social engines of the promotion and progress of the government’s activities. Finally, it is important to focus on the pure concept of punishment as explained by Foucault and addressed by Jacobs. Obviously, hospital incarceration includes all the components of punitive measure including control over the inmate’s body (i.e. the person depends on the institution in terms of the satisfaction of their basic needs); management of the prisoner’s time and activities and, thirdly, modulating the penalty. In the context of the article by Jacobs, the last component means administering additional therapies, which make the person half-unconscious for days or suggesting the release from the institution in exchange for signing a refusal of the petition. Importantly, the inmate is surveilled, but cannot see all of their â€Å"watchers†. As one can conclude, although the incarceration in mental hospitals is not a traditional form of punishment, it is actually similar to the regular imprisonment, because of the similar concepts like panopticism, discipline, painless punishment and the execution of the government’s authority. Bibliography Rainbow, P. The Foucault Reader. New York: Random House, 1984. Jacobs, A. â€Å"Whistle-Blowers in Chinese City Sent to Mental Hospital†

Much Ado About Nothing Essay

In the play, Much Ado About Nothing, by William Shakespeare, Shakespeare introduces the character Claudio. Count Claudio is characterized as a gullible, naive and immature. Throughout the play, Claudio is placed in situations which reveal his level of maturity. By the end of the play, he is still a carefree, foolish boy who has not come to terms with his own faults-such as almost ruining Hero’s reputation. From the beginning to the end of the play, Claudio exhibits childish behavior, which does not change. Through his depiction of Claudio’s interaction with Hero, Leonato and Benedick, Shakespeare criticizes that in reality, even for people as naive as Claudio, people get what they want because of their status. In the beginning of the play, Don John and Barachio tell Claudio that Hero is being wooed by Don Pedro, and his immediate reaction is to believe that it is true. As Don Pedro agrees to woo Hero for Claudio, it seems to Claudio that Don Pedro is pleading for himself. â€Å"The Prince woos for himself,† he says (2. 1, 172). For Claudio, â€Å"friendship is constant in all other things save in office and affairs of love† (2. 1, 173-174). The nature of â€Å"all is fair in love and war† should warn the reader that Claudio thinks with an old nature about male competition for women. The misunderstanding is soon forgotten when Don Pedro assures Claudio that he was truly wooing Hero for Claudio and not for himself. Claudio takes Hero back and says, â€Å"lady you are mine, I am yours† (2. 1, 301-303). Claudio easily forgives and forgets and makes himself look foolish by taking her back so quickly. His immaturity is revealed by the speed of forgiveness. Shakespeare mocks reality in a sense that even though he acts like a child, a woman like Hero will still â€Å"love† him. However, Claudio does not learn from his rash judgement of Don Pedro. When Don John later accuses Hero for sleeping with another man, Claudio is again quick to think that worst of Hero. Claudio tells Leonato that Hero is a â€Å"rotten orange† (4. 1, 32). By referring to Hero as a piece of rotten fruit, Claudio implies that what was once sweet and pure is now spoiled and lustful. Just as Eve was tempted by fruit in the Garden of Eden that turned out to be evil, Claudio was first attracted and then forced away by the crude Hero. After slandering his daughter, Leonato is more angered at Hero than at Claudio. Even after being so idiotic and stupid, Claudio wins the woman of his dreams: a woman who he scolds and takes him back. At first and before considering other possibilities, Leonato seams to point his finger at Hero for being the one who ruin everything; not Claudio. Considering what happens, it can be inferred that Shakespeare is mocking the idea that men with a status such as Claudio get what they want, even if they make a big mistake such as insulting and ruining a girl’s life. Claudio not only slanders Hero, but Leonato, too. To Leonato’s face, Claudio makes a big show of respecting his age, but it’s clear from this comment that Claudio does not understand what it means to have great respect for someone. Claudio says, â€Å"We had like to have had out two noses snapped off with two old men without teeth† (5. 1, 128-129). Age doesn’t seem to command respect for Claudio; he approaches it more as a weakness than a reason for reverence, which is immature of him. It’s another strike against Claudio’s character, and Shakespeare does this to portray that even when he shows disrespect to someone of high standards, he still gets what he wants in the end. After Claudio slanders Hero, he joins the conversation between Leonato and Leonato’s brother. Claudio immediately insults Leonato by â€Å"fleer[ing] and jest[ing] at [him]† (5. 1, 65). Though Claudio claims that he â€Å"never lay[s] [his] hand upon [his] sword,† Leonato claims that he is â€Å"under privilege of age to brag† (5. 1, 60; 67). By reaching for his sword, Claudio is attempting to intimidate and undermine Leonato to reveal that he is more powerful and a better man than Leonato. However, Leonato knows that it is not true, and he tells Claudio to stop being a fool. The undercut actions of Claudio towards Leonato is a direct way in which Shakespeare reveals his immaturity and disrespect towards his elders. Even though he is disrespectful and cruel to both Leonato and Hero, Leonato allows Claudio to marry his daughter. Claudio’s events with Benedick are also a way in which Shakespeare depicts Claudio to be an immature boy. When Benedick challenges Claudio, he thinks that it is a joke. Benedick tells Claudio that he wants to fight him in a dull, and says to Don Pedro that he should â€Å"give [Benedick] another staff† because â€Å"the last one was broke ‘cross† (5. 1, 151-152). Claudio makes fun of Benedick for looking so angry and for seemingly having lost his ability to wittily reply to his jests. The immaturity among the men by Claudio is to insult the ways of men, and how status is the only thing that matters because, in the end, Claudio gets Beatrice for himself. Benedick finally thanks Don Pedro and informs him that Don John has fled Messina. He then turns to Claudio and tells him they will meet soon to fight. Don Pedro remarks that Benedick â€Å"is in earnest† about his challenge (5. 1, 206). Claudio sarcastically replies that it is â€Å"for the love of Beatrice† (5. , 208). Even after having someone as highly ranked as Don Pedro telling him that Benedick is serious about the dull, and that Don John is responsible for Hero’s â€Å"death,† Claudio makes a sarcastic remark back claiming that he is only fighting for Beatrice and does not think to mention what Benedick says about Don John. His inconsiderate remarks and vagueness of his awareness are both ways of Shakespeare mocking men. The childish antics in Shakespearean times is caused by the young age that men and women are forced to be married at. Claudio, at this point, still has not grown up. Shakespeare uses Claudio to mock that in reality, because of his status and the fact that he is a male, he gets is allowed to marry Hero, without any confrontation of Benedick. Throughout the play, Claudio makes immature mistakes that are used to criticize that in reality, men as stupid as Claudio still get what they want based on status. In life, men tend to have a better status than most women because people base status on sex. Claudio had better treatment than Hero throughout the play with both Leonato and Don Pedro, Prince of Argon. In the end, none of his events with Hero, Benedick, or Leonato come out. The three people also decide to leave him alone without another confrontation. Today, men and women get married at a later age, when they are mature enough to be married. Even so, status definitely plays a major role in society today in a sense that the higher a person’s status, the more likely they will get what they want. That is what Shakespeare is trying to reveal; that in reality, even as long ago as his time, men and women get what they want based on their status in the world.

Sociology (Reaction paper 3) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sociology (Reaction paper 3) - Essay Example The right to free speech, the right to gather with one another to discuss thoughts and ideas, are among the many rights that individuals seek to have for themselves. While many are fortunate and achieve those very rights, some are not as lucky. From the beginning until the era of the feminist movement, the rights of women would pale in comparison to the men around them. Most notably, their ability to vote and also their presence within the work force. Not only the question as to whether or not they would work but also the consideration given, to what placement they would have within the corporate structure. The role of the United States should be as a leader for the cause. The very nation that would not only ensure the rights of its own citizenry but also, seek to ensure the rights of the millions of other people that live throughout the world. To show the other world leaders that, by maintaining a practice of human rights protection, it can only serve to benefit the success of the nation as a whole, rather than it being a hindrance. Thomas Jefferson, one of the most notable founding members of the United States, would speak eloquently about the notion of all men being created equal. With the ability to vote being given to women and later on during the 60s being given to African Americans, the level of credence to the idea of protecting basic human rights, would be placed on the forefront. Seeking to classify both women and African Americans not by gender and/or race but rather, seeing them for the human being that they are. Going below the surface and realizing that, in all reality, every human being remains just that at their core.. a human being. Each and everyone deserving of the same rights as others, no more and no less. To define prejudice, that would be the act of placing judgment upon a person, place and/or thing, without having any personal experience on the matter. Such as, hearing a negative story from another

Computer Networking and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Computer Networking and Management - Essay Example y or through a communication channel), and there may be a probability that an unauthorized person can access the secret keys during their transmission. (‘Harvard style’, n.d.a) Secret-key systems require the sharing of some secret or sometimes trust of a third party to support authentication. As a result, a sender can repudiate a previously authenticated message by claiming that the shared secret was somehow compromised by one of the parties sharing the secret. For example, the Kerberos secret-key authentication system keeps copies of the secret keys of all uses in a central database; an attack on the database would allow widespread forgery. On the other hand, since each user has sole responsibility for protecting his or her private key, public-key authentication effectively prevents any sort of repudiation; this property of public-key authentication is often called non-repudiation. (‘Harvard style’, n.d.a) Unlike secret-key cryptography, public-key cryptography may be vulnerable to impersonation even if user’s private keys are not available. A successful attack on certification authority will allow an adversary to impersonate whomever the adversary chooses by using a public-key certificate from the compromised authority to bind a key of the adversary’s choice to the name of another user. (‘Harvard style’, n.d.a) RSA, which stands for Rivest, Shamir and Adleman, was the first and most widely used public key cryptosystem. Developed in 1977 by three M.I.T. professors, it is based on the mathematical properties of modulo arithmetic. (‘Harvard style’, n.d.c) Modulo arithmetic is much like normal arithmetic, but only uses integers no longer than a limiting number, the modulus (usually written as m). Any result larger than the modulus has the modulus subtracted from it repeatedly until it is less than the modulus. Thus, instead of the numbers forming a line, modulo numbers can be thought of as forming a ring, when the largest number loops back to

Problem question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Problem question - Essay Example Jessica knows through other employees that a position will be open very soon but has been advised by Harrington that they ‘do not hire agency workers.’ Rachel has sought advice due to the fact that she is pregnant and considering employment options. She would like to know what her rights are to maternity leave and if there are any conditions allowing flexible scheduling before she applies for a position through Kent University as a part time accountant. It is very likely that Jessica is currently working under a ‘contract for service.’ This means that as an agency employee she is entitled to certain rights, those rights consisting of breaks during a work assignment, minimum wage, paid holidays, no unlawful deductions from pay (DirectGov), protection under the health and safety laws and freedom from discrimination in any manner. Jessica states that Nursebank has been bullying her and she would like to become employed four days a week directly with Harrington. Harrington does have an upcoming position but Jessica was told that they do not hire ‘agency workers.’ Jessica needs advice as to if this is against the discrimination policies that are legally in place. There are two factors here to consider and examine when reviewing Jessica’s complaints. The issue of Jessica’s bullying should first be explored. Bullying in the workplace can be described as being constantly picked on, ridiculed, humiliated, being overworked in comparison to other workers (Direct Gov), passed over for promotions and being threatened with dismissal. Jessica did not specify exactly how she is being bullied but these examples are not all-inclusive. Bullying is protected against through harassment and discrimination laws. Employers can be held liable for these behaviors through legal proceedings. It is important to advise Jessica that the first step she should take is to report the bullying. Review Nursebanks policies and procedures for deal ing with worker harassment and discrimination. It will become especially important that she has initially consulted and followed company procedure for reporting these actions should Jessica want to file a grievance against Nursebank. The ACAS statutory code of practice on grievance and discipline is issued under section 199 of the ‘Trade Union and Labor Relations Act of 1992’ (TSO). This sets out to establish guidelines for policy and procedure involved in grievances though the code does not necessarily need be followed exact but the employment tribunal will consider this code strongly in any cases brought up. Jessica should expect Nursebank to act promptly and consistently in investigating her complaints. Jessica has the right to be represented by her trade union, if she has one, or anyone she should use during any meetings or discussions or formal talks regarding her complaint. If the decision that the company makes in dealing with Jessica’s issue of being bull ied does not resolve the issue she can then proceed further and appeal the decision. Legal actions can be taken if there is no relief from the claim, though I would advise that Jessica ensure she has done everything possible with the grievance and appeal process so that should she need to file a suit against Nursebank she will have sufficient evidence that they have been negligent or libel. Mediation by a

Managing High Performance commons assessment Essay

Managing High Performance commons assessment - Essay Example The firm also has to identify appropriate personnel to be promoted to management positions. This will be the focus of this paper. Performance management is defined by Armstrong as â€Å"the process of establishing shared understanding about what is to be achieved and how it is to be achieved, and an approach to managing and developing people that improves individual, team and organizational performance† (2009 p. 55). This implies that an organization has some goals or objectives to be achieved and these should be shared by all employees. In other words, employees should strive towards achieving company goals if the company is to have sustained success. However, employees are different and as such have different performance levels. Some are high performers while others are low performers and the managers should deal with low performance as early as possible for the success of the company. According to Cardy and Leonard (2011 p 137-138) it is not only low performance that needs to be checked but also high performance to understand success factors and enhance them. Rewarding high performance is also essent ial in ensuring the company maintains best talent by keeping such employees motivated. One way to achieve this goal is through promotions and recognitions. The first question that managers need to ask themselves is; who are the high performers? In this case, as a consultant I would advice the management to have a carefully devised job description which outlines what is to be performed, standards of performance, and how to measure performance (Armstrong 2009). The goals or standards against which performance is to be measured should be a mutual understanding between management and employees so that they can own up the process and be able to assess their own performance. Those who achieve beyond the expected standards are considered high performance and are best suited for promotions.

Answering history questions Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answering history questions - Term Paper Example The Soviets would dominate Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania; Britain would control Greece; Yugoslavia would be shared by both countries. The country which was NOT mentioned at all in the bargain was Finland, of vital importance to Stalin. (3pts) 6. By early November, 1944, the Red Army, after victories in Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, reached the gates of Budapest, Hungary. Hungarian and German troops mounted a savage defense of the city; capitulation came in February 1945. (3pts) 7. ___(C)_____ Select the letter which represents the accurate chronology?(a. Failed coup against Hitler , Soviet recognition of the Polish â€Å"Lublin† or communist government , Allied capture of Cherbourg, Allied capture of Rome, Operation Overlord b. Allied Capture of Cherbourg, Allied Capture of Rome, Operation Overlord, Failed coup against Hitler, Soviet recognition of the Polish â€Å"Lublin† or communist government c. Operation Overlord , Allied Capture of Cherbourg , Failed coup against Hitler, Soviet recognition of Polish â€Å"Lublin† or communist government d. Allied capture of Rome , Operation Overlord, Allied Capture of Cherbourg, Failed coup against Hitler, Soviet recognition of the Polish â€Å"Lublin† or communist government. The airborne operation emerged mainly as a result of the 1944 operation overlord’s success, as well as the consequent Battle of Normandy. The worsening of the allied supply phenomenon and the increasing rivalries and conflicts during the time, called for the formation of an airborne solution. A number of reasons can be attributed to the failure of the Operation Market garden. Such reasons include poor planning, lack of proper and sufficient machinery, lack of enough aircrafts, errors in decision making, the destruction of the railway-bridge, harsh weather conditions, technical problems that, for example, resulted into poor communication, and generally, the overly optimistic

Work motivation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Work motivation - Case Study Example Examples of experts leaving this company to go and work inother companies include Elizabeth Pedersen and Ola Rennemo. Their work motivation can be explained through a number of theories including Maslow hierarchy of needs motivational model, Herzberg motivational theory, and McClelland’s motivational needs theory. This paper expounds these three motivational theories in relation to Norsk Petroleum case study. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is one of the theories that describe drive and enthusiasm to work. It is important to posit that Maslow categorized individual needs and aspirations into five categories. These include psychological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem, and finally self actualization. This theory is best illustrated by the use of a pyramid that begins at the base and continues or progresses up. This theory corresponds to the precedence or the main concern of the desires and requirements of human beings. These desir es can further be divided into two groups with bodily physical desires or requirements being symbolized at the base and emotional requirements being symbolized at the top. In Maslow’s theory, displeasure in human beings is considered a significant stimulator for human actions. Maslow elucidated the fact human beings have their own individual desires and when one desire is attained, other desires come up. However, individuals may even not be conscious of what is happening (Bagad, 2008). That is the case with Elizabeth Pedersen and Ola Rennemo. Despite being awarded more privileges, they eventually left the organization for self-actualization due to their ambitions. Ola had to meet his needs and requirements to be closer to family while the reason for Elizabeth’s resignation was purely as a result of ambitions hence she was seeking self actualization. Herzberg motivational theory Herzberg motivational theory is also referred to as the two-factor motivational theory. In c reating this theory, Herzberg did a study whereby he questioned two hundred engineers and accountants in nine different organizations on the instances when they were motivated and instances they were displeased with their work. In his findings, he asserted that motivation in the workplace is determined by appreciation and achievements. Therefore, less compensation for work done may result to individuals being displeased in their work but on the other hand over compensation may not necessarily mean that an individual is pleased. According to him, issues that contribute to motivation in the workplace are directly connected with satisfaction. Discontentment is cause by issues related to settings and physical conditions in the workplace. He proposed that motivation is contributed by accountability, accomplishments, appreciation, as well as progression and development (Bagad, 2008). Elizabeth had found an opportunity to lead her own team of engineers hence this motivated here to take the new assignment. He further argued that work itself is a factor causing motivation. Ola wanted to take the near his family. Therefore, his needs were accomplished. McClelland’s motivational needs theory McClelland’s motivational needs theory elucidates the fact that individuals derive inspiration in the workplace through three requirements. According to Bagad (2008), these requirements include the need for success, need for influence and authority, and the need for attachment and relationships. Since Elizabeth was well paid and she declined a salary increase as well as other added privileges, she had the need for influence and authority. She was seeking larger and superior duties of accountability since she was to supervise various teams of engineers and also bargain novel agreements with dealers and

ANIS2007 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ANIS2007 - Essay Example Not only did the traditional Acts like the Indian Act undermined the achievements of the Anishinabe during that period, but the influence of the Act still exists today while new others have been established. The new establishments are in a way hindering the Anishinabe’s expectations towards achieving a society where equity among all is considered. These current actions include C51 Bill that impacts both the Anishinabe as well as non-Anishinabe social movements. The paper therefore examines the achievements and what the Anishinabe expects to achieve while also considering traditional tools of oppression and current government actions. The colonial rules perpetuated ideas across the colonized nations to ensure a continuous discrimination towards a certain group or groups of individuals. The Indian Act is among the major discriminatory ideas that led to the discrimination of Aboriginal women in Canada all through since its introduction. The discrimination is still evidenced today within various means that in return continue to hinder the goal of Anishinabe’s (Smith,  2008). The Indian Act continues to normalize as well as perpetuate gender discrimination in three broad areas through regulation of the family, political exclusion as well as the reserve system together with exclusion as a result of geographic coverage. The Indian Act is thus essential in understanding the historical as well as the current socio-political movements in Canada. Since its creation in 1876 by the federal government, The Indian Act focused on presenting a colonial idea that depicted men as society leaders owing to their household l eadership roles portraying women as their husbands’ dependants. The Act denied women against possessing material property unless for widows who were allowed such possession upon the death of the husband under the reverse system. It is however important to note that the widow never inherited

Court Systems Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Court Systems Paper - Essay Example This is the system that protects us from chaos. We need to know more about it so that we can understand who we truly are as a people. One of the most significant court cases in recent years was the OJ Simpson trial which took place in California. This was a criminal case, involving an allegation that Simpson had killed his wife and her friend (Hunt). The difference between a criminal and a civil case is very important and is the result of burden placed on the accuser. In the criminal context, the accused must be found guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. In a civil suit, they must only be found guilty on a balance of probability. Criminal cases are usually brought by the People, as represented by a prosecutor. This happened in the OJ Simpson trial. In this case there was a jury who found Simpson not guilty. The defence and prosecution both make their cases before the jury, trying to convince the twelve people sitting there that they are right and the other side is wrong. Some court case s are very exciting, like the OJ Simpson trial, because they involve a lot of human passions (Cotterill). In the Simpson trial, television cameras were also permitted into the courtroom to televise the proceedings. This was something that hadn't really happened before. People get excited about the adversarial nature of the proceedings, which is something that is different than in other countries, where a more inquisitorial, or judge-directed proceeding, occurs. How did we come to have this system? In part, the courts were created by Congress and the Founding Fathers. Today, Congress has a lot of power over the system. As one site remarks: Congress has three other basic responsibilities that determine how the courts will operate. First, it decides how many judges there should be and where they will work. Second, through the confirmation process, Congress determines which of the President's judicial nominees ultimately become federal judges. Third, Congress approves the federal courts ' budget and appropriates money for the judiciary to operate. The judiciary's budget is a very small part — substantially less than one percent — of the entire federal budget (US Courts). There are a number of elements that go into the proper administration of justice in the United States. Indeed, there are so many elements that it is impossible to describe them all here in one place. One of the most important and preliminary issues is that of jurisdiction. Who should hear a matter and where should they hear it? If you commit a crime in another country, American courts will not concern themselves with it. They do not have jurisdiction over the matter. Likewise a court in Detroit does not care what happened in Orlando. There is also the matter of the level of the court. The Supreme Court, for example, is an appellate court and hears appeals. You cannot sue someone in the Supreme Court. Making sure that a court has jurisdiction to hear a case is a very important issue fo r lawyers. Making this rookie error is sure to get your case thrown out. The system exists as it is for a reason. The Constitution lays out the jurisdiction of the federal courts as follows: The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority; to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls; to all Cases of admiralty and

Poetry and War Essay Example for Free

Poetry and War Essay How does Owen explore the themes of war through the power of his poetry? Written by: vdg How does Owen explore the themes of war through the power of his poetry? Answer Q Owen expresses the themes of war through the unique power of poetry. Both the mental and physical brutality of war is emphasised in the poems, â€Å"The Send off,† â€Å"Anthem for doomed youth† and â€Å"Spring Offensive,† furthering the responder’s understanding of a soldier’s life on the western front. Owen employs various poetic devices such as imagery, symbolism and sound techniques, and powerful language features, together helping to convey the different aspects of war, such as the themes of ___ (maybe 4 main themes). 100 words on extract, linking to q Wilfred Owen’s, â€Å"The send-off,† illustrates the consequences of war and reveals its cynical, secretive nature through the use of poetic devices. The title, â€Å"The Send-off,† depicts two different images about the nature of war. â€Å"Send-off† could be interpreted as a farewell to soldiers, in the hope of their return, or metaphorically could convey their literal fighting till death. The composer’s use of symbolism, â€Å"darkening lane,† portrays the sinister side of war, while the alliteration, â€Å"grimly gay,† creates irony. This depicts the soldiers’ hidden fear of going into battlefield, compared with their initial excitement at â€Å"send-off. † The composer also emphasises the fact that the â€Å"typical† send-off is an emotionless, mechanical procedure for many military personal, rather than a cheerful experience. Owen’s choice of diction is used to convey the horrors and themes of war. The metaphor, â€Å"Their breasts were stuck all white with wreath and spray. As men’s are, dead,† reinforces the concept of doom and sacrifice during war, through the onomatopoeia of â€Å"stuck† and the negative connotations associated with the word â€Å"dead†. Diction is used, â€Å"Dull porters watched them, and a casual tramp†¦staring hard, sorry to miss them†¦,† to demonstrate that most onlookers have a lack of emotion towards war. The rhetorical question, â€Å"Shall they return to beatings of great bells in wild train-loads? ,† conveys the uncertainty of war, where a soldier’s fate is unknown to many. The composer’s use of repetition â€Å"A few, a few, too few for drums and yells†, conveys a sense of loneliness, as there are only a handful of soldiers who have returned home, depicting the horrors of the aftermath of war. The composer’s use of imagery, â€Å"May creep back, silent†¦up half-known roads†, portrays the returned soldiers’ disillusioned state of mind, effectively giving the responder an insight into the consequences of war. The composer’s successful use of personification in this poem, â€Å"Then, unmoved, signals nodded† and â€Å"a lamp winked to the guard†, illustrates the secretive and cynical nature of war, and presents the mental assumptions about a typical war. Personification is also used, â€Å"So secretly, like wrongs hushed-up, they went,† to communicate the soldier’s unfair treatment at the hands of the government, while the phrase â€Å"they were not ours†, alludes to the soldier’s lack of belongingness. LINK TO Q Another poem, in which Owen uses the power of poetry to convey the themes of war, is â€Å"Anthem for doomed youth. † The title, â€Å"Anthem for doomed youth,† acts as an extended metaphor for the sacrificial and improvident consequences of war. Owen uses religious imagery, â€Å"candles† and â€Å"choirs†, alluding to the funeral ceremonies associated with such religious symbols, while also depicting the inhumane nature of killing during the war. â€Å"Doomed,† conveys a pessimistic tone and creates an image of entrapment. The opening rhetorical question, â€Å"What passing-bells for these who die as cattle? †, illustrates the dehumanisation of war through the use of animal imagery. Moreover, the composer’s repetition, â€Å"only,† highlights the insufficient homage paid to death. Owen also employs alliteration and symbolism to convey the themes related with war. Alliteration, â€Å"rapid-rattle†¦,† is used to assist the responder’s knowledge of the nature of death, and heightens our aural and visual senses to these disorientating images. Another example of alliteration, â€Å"sad shires†¦,† conveys the after effects of war and its devastating consequences. Owen also tries to convey the horrifying nature of war through his vivid use of symbolism. Religious and church symbols such as â€Å"bells† and â€Å"choirs,† denote religion as a sanctuary from the horrors and evils of war. Imagery, â€Å"What candles maybe held†¦shall shine in the holy glimmers of good-byes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , transforms the mourner’s candlelight into tears and the â€Å"pallor† of mourners faces are compared to a â€Å"pall†, contrasting the different funeral images in war and peace. Also, the connotation of â€Å"each slow dusk†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , reinforces the cycle of life and death. It is evident that through the composer’s power of poetry, various themes been conveyed about war, thus heightening the responder’s understanding of the war experience. SUM UP THEMES In the final two lines of the poem, the composer makes successful use of imagery together with alliteration to convey the horrors of war, â€Å"Each slow dusk a drawing-down of blinds,† revealing the end for many soldiers’ lives. LINK TO Q Through the poem, â€Å"Spring offensive†, the composer conveys the various themes about war, through contrast, imagery and simile. The positive connotation, â€Å"Spring,† reinforces the idea of rebirth and renewal, which is juxtaposed with the destructive connotations associated with â€Å"offensive†. Owen awakens the audience through the harshness of the sound â€Å"f† in the alliteration, â€Å"fearfully flashed†. In so doing, the composer provides an ominous warning on the battlefield. Owen’s vivid use of death imagery, â€Å"Knowing their feet had come to the end of the world†, portrays a rather chilling and detrimental perspective of the battlefield. Owen continues to mix the ideas of war and nature in the third stanza. Here the composer effectively juxtaposes the beauty of â€Å"buttercups† with the men’s â€Å"boots,† to emphasise war’s unnatural repulsiveness. Owen’s use of simile, â€Å"clutched to them and to them like sorrowing hands†¦,† conveys mother nature’s unwillingness to relinquish the soldier’s lives. Simile is also used, â€Å"like a cold gust†, to depict the lack of warmth and quiet beginnings of confrontation, as war commences in the fourth stanza. Owen also successfully uses vivid war imagery to convey the various concepts of war in â€Å"Spring-offensive† and thus portraying the horrors present in war. The imagery, â€Å"So soon they topped the hill, and raced together†¦instantly the whole sky burned with fury†¦,† illustrates the dark and frightening nature of war amongst this peaceful physical environment, while the unity, â€Å"together,† highlights that the men go into battlefield as a group. Finally, the composer’s use of the rhetorical question â€Å"Why speak not they of comrades that went under? †, conveys the ghastly and silent nature of the battlefield, as the battle nears to an end. LINK TO Q Consequently, it is evident Owen has been able to integrate various poetic devices and language features into his poems, to reveal numerous ideas within war. Owen has been able to successfully convey the horrors of war through his power of poetry and his influential words. ANSWER THE Q Where ever possible, LINK TO Q!!! MEMORISE â€Å"The Send-Off† is a poem written about WW1 soldiers leaving their homes to go off to war. It is set in a train station where a soldier is watching the new recruits boarding the train. You can tell it is written by an on looking soldier because in line 12 he says, â€Å"They were not ours†; where as previously he had been referring to them as â€Å"them†. In â€Å"The Send-Off†, Owen conveys his feelings about the war and the young soldiers going off to die. You can tell he has a very pessimistic attitude to the likelihood of the soldiers surviving. You can see this from his continual references to death, â€Å"Their breasts were stuck all stuck with wreath and spray/As men’s are, dead†. To convey his emotions and foretelling further he uses a range of language. The actual words that he uses are quite simple, but he uses many effects to create imagery. In line 3, Owen uses the oxymoron, â€Å"grimly gay†, this gives the impression that the soldiers know what is going to happen to them and they are scared, but they put on a brave face anyway so as not to upset their families, each-other and also, if they don’t admit their fear to themselves, then maybe it will go away. In the poem there is often para-rhym, for example, â€Å"They were not ours†¦who gave them flowers†. There is more often though just a normal rhyme. This rhyme scheme seems to have no particular pattern; it will start a pattern, and then change it. It starts off A, B, A, A, B, C, B, C, and carries on in the same sort of irregular patterns. Maybe Owen is trying to convey the mixed, uncertain feelings and lives that can change so quickly, with a mixed, uncertain rhyme scheme. This is the same with the rhythm; I think this is to represent, instead of the regular, ordered marching step that the army is renowned for, there is disorder and chaos. I think that he is trying to convey the truth of war. Analysis of The send off 2006-09-10 Added by: John Terry This poem actually conveys a message to the readers. That war is not as glorious and honourable as it is always portrayed as. The pun in the title also shows this. The send-off could mean two things. Firstly, it could mean that the soldiers were being sent off to war. However, it could also mean that the soldiers were being sent off to their deaths. This emphasizes the fact that war actually is not what it is portrayed to be. It is not glorious and honourable to fight in war but the people and soldiers going through it are actually filled with grieve and most soldiers do not survive in war. The pun has brought across this message to the reader. WAR IS not an honourable and glorious thing to be in.

Reasons Why Cloning is Unethical Essay Example for Free

Reasons Why Cloning is Unethical Essay From the day that ‘Dolly the sheep’ made it to the headline news, the controversy regarding her existence has never ceased. It is quite amazing, how the issues surrounding a sheep could create such a great divide on public opinion, stir up much debate in scientific halls, and whose implications caused a dilemma that reached a magnitude which needed a presidential decision. Needless to say, the debate did not concern agriculture or animal rights, but on how she came to be by cloning. Contrary to popular belief, these clinical ventures though, were not done by sheer sense of adventurism, or by simple acts of human arrogance of ‘playing God’. Instead, this breakthrough in the field of biotechnology, along with other related cases, was carried out with the legitimate purpose of propagating livestock that carry desirable traits. Breeders can easily then raise farm animals that have the preferred traits and thus increase productivity and yield. Also, lab research for the noble intention of developing drugs, require numerous testing on animals before it can finally be declared effective and safe for human use. Cloning would allow them to produce test-animals that display similar or identical characteristics and thus help validate results. There are several other reasons why cloning is held by many scientists as an essential means for improving human condition. However, such so-called conditions had now been raised to the point of fulfilling needs other than physical necessities. Man’s many woes and flaws in life such as the pain of losing a loved one or childless couples having to bear the unfulfilled desire of loving and rearing their own children, are just a few of the many disadvantages that confronts finite man. Today through science, man is longing to challenge and ‘correct’ these impossible odds. Would cloning be the answer? II. Man’s Contemporary Alternative: Merits of Cloning-to Produce-Children Distinguished British philosopher Mary Warnock, expressed her support in favour of utilizing the technology of cloning to produce children. She believes that there is nothing wrong with this procedure and thereby there should be no question on the ethical soundness of such an endeavour (Connor, 2002). Together with the rest of those who agree with her, they believe that cloning offers an excellent solution for the following problems: A. To Help Sterile Parent/s Obtain Biologically Related Children Individuals or parents who long to have their own offspring, but are hindered by sterility or some other reason the only presented solution so far have been adoption. There are different reasons why some had found this unsatisfactory. With cloning, a sterile man can now have the opportunity of producing a child that bears his own characteristics. The need to find a sperm donor is eliminated, and consequently eliminates the possibility of their child acquiring and passing on undesirable traits to future generation outside the couple. Such a method also opens for an attractive possibility not only for sterile couples but for homosexual couples and individuals who desire to raise a child of their own but do not want the entanglements of a marriage union. B. Pass-on a Genetic Disease Individuals or parents who carry defective genes such as a genetic disease can now hope to eliminate passing the disease to the following generations. Cloning would assure the parents of being able to raise children who will not be troubled by the heritable disorder. C. Pain of Losing a Loved One The grief of losing a loved one can now be alleviated by cloning the dying or dead significant person. Since cloning involves the passing on of exact physical characteristics, producing a cloned individual would invariably cause ‘replication’ of the deceased loved one or relative. Those who are left, will be comforted by ‘seeing’ their dead spouse, child or relative ‘live again’ on the cloned individual. Although, there would be major differences in experiences which would make it entirely impossible to make an exact copy of an individual in all aspects, cloning would bring a connection of the lost loved one with the grieving members. D. Society’s Desire to Have Individuals with Superior Abilities or Qualities Cloning brings families and societies to have super-human individuals by cloning outstanding athletes, musicians, men and women renowned for their beauty, or geniuses. By replicating these individuals, it is presumed that these superior qualities are determined by certain genetic make-up and thus, will be passed on through cloning. III. Reasons for Argument Cloning violates the ethics of human experimentation on the following grounds: A. Concern on Safety Of utmost concern when cloning humans is the high risk involved. As of the moment, the cloning procedure being done in experimenting mammals has shown how unsafe it is to be even applied in humans. Many embryos got wasted as it took 277 attempts before finally producing Dolly the sheep (Gawler, 2000). Barely just being six years old later, Dolly became severely ill and had to be submitted for euthanasia. Careful examination revealed that her chromosomes had shown premature signs of aging (â€Å"Cloning†). The possibility of creating inborn abnormalities or congenital defects caused by the procedure should even bring parents with a hereditary disease not to employ cloning. While it could hold promise of not passing on genetic diseases to their child, the latter is also vulnerable for congenital malformation. Also, since several donor eggs and substitute mothers are needed before achieving success, this places risks on several women. Experiments on animals had shown that there is high occurrence of premature abortion on cloned fetuses. If done on humans, continous abortion could lead to greater possibility of maternal death. B. The Issue of Consent Cloning also undermines the right of the cloned individual. In contrast to the risks that could bring to surrogate mother or the gene donor, the risks posed at the cloned individual do not have the individual’s consent. Most often, the right to exercise freedom is often called by those who promote it. This is often based on the ‘freedom to reproduce’. This means that the constitution protects individuals or parents to freely choose whether they are to have children or not (Eisenstadt v. Baird, 1972). However, in exercising that right, it overrides the freedom of choice on the cloned individual. True, reproductive freedom permits anybody to decide whether to have a child or not without hindrances by the government. It does not however, in any way, allow anyone to do it by whatever means and in complete disregard for the welfare of others. C. Possible Exploitation of Women Since cloning requires numerous tests before any attempts could become fruitful, large quantity of donor eggs will be needed. Getting the egg would subject the woman donor of hormonal treatment that gives high health risks. Furthermore, what would most likely happen is that these women donors would be offered a substantial amount of money, and thus could lure poor women to compromise their health in exchange for financial gain (Council on Bioethics, 2002). IV. Conclusion More often, the concern for safety is limited on the aspect of limiting or perfecting the procedure. It does not consider the possible undesirable effects it would have after it is accomplished. This perspective of safety does not take consideration on the unexpected effects it would have on the individual, family involved and society in general. The relationships between members of those with cloned children would greatly be altered compared to conventional family set-up. Would the cloned individual of a father be his child or twin? Obviously, cloning will rearrange how family relations will be treated. Before any attempts to cloning-to-produce children be done, would be parent/s should give grave concern on the potential psychological effects this would have on the one being cloned. What also needs special consideration is it’s the social impact caused by confusion. Cloning might open for unnecessary expensive legal battles, over custody as to who really are the child’s parents. Each individual who has a part of the cloned child might fight to claim for custody over the child. Given that such asexual means to produce children is not strange, faulty or imperfect, there is serious error on the purpose by which it longs for implementation. It places more significance on the one which will be cloned by replicating the person, rather than the cloned child. Human experience has revealed that man has the tendency to abuse, and therefore such technology can be used for vain reasons. Cloning somehow claims to provide solutions for man’s problems, the solution however, creates more problems. Given the demerits of the cause, it would far benefit society to keep from toying with strange methods. Works Cited: 1. Connor, S. (2002). Warnock: ‘No ethical reason to ban cloning’. The Independent. Retrieved 20 Nov. 2008 Accessed at http://www. independent. co. uk/news/uk/crime/warnock-no-ethical-reason-to-ban- cloning-649619. html 2. Gawler, DM. Human cloning: Scientific, ethical and regulatory issues. [Electronic Version] Retrieved 20 Nov. 2008 Accessed at http://www. aph. gov. au/house/committe/LACA/humancloning/sub234. pdf 3. â€Å"Cloning†. Ethical Issues in Biology. Retrieved 20 Nov. 2008 Accessed at http://itech. pjc. edu/jwooters/eth_issue/ei_notes. htm 4. Supreme Court of the United States (1972). , Eisenstadt v. Baird, 405 US 438 5. Council on Bioethics. (2002). Human cloning and human dignity: An ethical inquiry. Retrieved 20 Nov. 2008. Accessed at http://www. bioethics. gov/reports/cloningreport/children. htmlhttp://www. bioethics. gov/reports/cloningreport/children. html

The Radical Feminists Conviction Of Destroying Patriarchy Religion Essay

The Radical Feminists Conviction Of Destroying Patriarchy Religion Essay Themiscyra. The land of the amazons. In Greek mythology, it is a place where no man is allowed to set foot in. A place where the woman is free from the abusive clutches of patriarchy. A haven for women and by women. Such a world would appeal to the radical feminist. Ever since feminism was birthed into the world, it kept evolving and becoming more drastic as the ages go by. Initially a response to chauvinism and gender inequality, women only wanted an equal chance for themselves. However, there are those who pushed it to the extreme. Thus, feminism has transformed into its most destructive form, radical feminism. Its mission is to destroy patriarchy and everything that is associated with it. Radical feminisms favorite targets are the institution of marriage, the Church, as well as Christianity. A once, good and just act, feminism has been reformed into a damaging tool. And it has started hammering. However, the researchers believe that knowledge about radical feminism would be the best defense against it. By exposing its harmful ways through the use of Church teachings and Sacred Scripture, one may be able to guard against it. The City of Themiscyra would never be established. Statement of the Problem The problem that we face with radical feminism is the lack of information of the negative ideologies that it subtly disseminates through media. Today, media has become more relevant to many peoples lives. Feminisms goal of pursuing equality through the empowerment of women blurs with radical feminisms primary goal. Radical feminism basically campaigns their ideologies through different media. Radical feminism gives women the idea that they do not need a man to be completely human. The last statement is against what the Church taught men and women-to love each other as they love themselves. That being said, the researchers have identified the problems to be: The lack of information about radical feminism how radical feminism subtly affects the people as main patrons of media how radical feminism ideologies change peoples view on marriage Research The National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women defines feminism as: A worldwide movement that seeks to raise womens political, economic and social status and fights for gender equality in all aspects of life in all societies. The concepts underlying feminism continue to evolve according to the socioeconomic, political and cultural context in which the movement is taking place. There are many different kinds of feminism and writer Masilungan defines one kind of feminism: liberal feminism. It emphasizes social and legal reforms through policies designed to create equal opportunities. She claims that liberal feminism underpins mainstreaming efforts that lead to extensive changes in womens legal rights and status. According to her another type is cultural feminism. It contends that there are fundamental personality differences between women and men, that sexism can be overcome by celebrating womens special qualities, womens ways and womens experiences. In line with this, cultural feminists believe that womens ways are better, and that propagating these ways would make the world a better place. The explanation further goes on by mentioning that there would be no more wars if women were to rule nations because women have a gentler, kinder nature. Ecofenimism is also another form of feminism. Ecofeminism rests on the basic principle that patriarchy is harmful to women, children and other living beings, and often draws from parallelism between a male-dominated societys exploitative treatment of the environment and its resources, and its treatment of women. These are some of the types of feminism but the focus of this paper is radical feminism which can be defined as a type of feminism which looks at gender as the primary form of oppression and sees class and race as extensions of patriarchal domination. Most of its strategies are focused on reshaping consciousness and redefining social relations to create a woman-centered culture (Masilungan 2003). To compare with other types of feminism, radical feminism is a relatively new branch of feminism. Scalon claims that radical feminism started out during the second wave of feminism which was in the 70s, around the late 60s to the mid-70s (129). Before the second wave of feminism womens lives were centered on their husbands and their roles as just mothers or wives (Hobbs 19). It is also a relatively new branch of feminism in the perspective that radical feminism may be seen as a result of the inadequacy of its predecessor, liberal feminism. Compared to liberal feminism, radical feminism provides aims to restructure the society by abolishing patriarchy (OConnor 61). Many tell-tale signs can be seen regarding the radical feminists ideologies. Allan Turner basically summarizes it by claiming that they are Anti-Bible, Anti-God and Anti-Christ. Being anti-Bible can be seen from American feminist and theologian, Rosmary Ruethers speech marks; Feminist theology must create a new textual base, a new canon. Feminist theology cannot be done from the existing base of the Christian Bible. It is also being Anti-God. Naomi Goldenberg, a professor at the University of Ottawa, claims that God is going to changeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦We women are going to bring an end to Godà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦We will be the end of Him. Allan Turners claim that radical feminism is anti-Christ stems from the fact that radical feminists reject the idea of Son of Man because it is too masculine. Their being radical is also manifested on their views regarding sex. Murray, the author of Confessions of an Ex-Feminist, mentions in his interview with Olson that for the radical feminists, sex is jus t another physical act that brings pleasure and nothing more. This is contrary to the religious view on marriage because sex should only be done between a man and a woman bonded together by marriage. Many research studies have proven the benefits of marriage. The research by Waite mentions that the benefits of marriage include: better quality of the marriage relationship of the couple, brings in better health for the two because the relationship in itself allows the two people to grow with better resources and lesser costs of living (3). He also claims that marriage lessens depression and alcohol abusebetter psychological health for both husband and wife (3). Moreover, the research shows that the benefits of marriage are not just limited to husband and wife but also to children. Children who grow up with their biological and intact families are well-off because the environment is most suitable for the childrens development (Parke 9). Acs and Nelson also clearly shows that the benefit of marriage by stressing that children who are living with non-married parents fare worse than children living with their married parents (1). Many pivotal benefits of marriage have been proven by many researchers and yet, the radical feminists want to destroy the family tradition, a practice according to Gods creation. First of all, they want to destroy the traditional family structure which consists of father, mother and children because they see this condition as women being subjugated by men husbands (Snyder-Hall 257). They also pursue lesbianism and same-sex marriage in order to eliminate the subjugation of women. This would mean that they could practice liberation to its fullness (Snyder-Hall 255). Their attempts to destroy the traditional family are starting to grow as a political and social movement as well. According to Ubacs news article, the prominent feminist party-list group in the Philippines, Gabriela, has re-filed their bill to legalize divorce. The news article further detailed the womens party-list groups other grounds for filing for divorce, for example, irreparable marriages. The media has also been a proprietor of radical feminism. Although subtle, some movies have themes regarding radical feminism. A recent film of Jennifer Aniston, The Switch, it touches on the idea of how women can live without men and how women can get pregnant without a husband or a man. The radical feminists attempts to destroy the traditional form of marriage, however, are against the teaching of the Bible. Marriage should be honored by all, and the marriage bed kept pure (New American Bible, Hebrews 13.4). The Bibles view of marriage and sexuality is also very holy unlike radical feminists degrading view of these. He who finds a wife finds happiness; it is a favor he receives from the LORD (Proverbs 18.22). It is also shown by Mark who says But from the beginning of creation, God made them male and female. For this reason a man shall leave his father and mother (and be joined to his wife), and the two shall become one flesh. So they are no longer two but one flesh. Therefore what God has joined together, no human being must separate (Mark 10.6-9). With respect to the teaching of the Bible, the church also stands against the radical feminists point of view and teaches otherwise. Mulieris Dignitatem 31 says that therefore  the Church gives thanks for each and every woman:  for mothers, for sisters, for wives; for women consecrated to God in virginity; for women dedicated to the many human beings who await the gratuitous love of another person; for women who watch over the human persons in the family, which is the fundamental sign of the human community; for women who work professionally, and who at times are burdened by a great social responsibility It is also said in Paragraph 14 of Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF), Therefore, the promotion of women within society must be understood and desired as a humanization accomplished through those values, rediscovered thanks to women. Every outlook which presents itself as a conflict between the sexes is only an illusion and a danger: Without prejudice to the advanc ement of womens rights in society and the family, these observations seek to correct the perspective which views men as enemies to be overcome. The proper condition of the male-female relationship cannot be a kind of mistrustful and defensive opposition. Their relationship needs to be lived in peace and in the happiness of shared love. Objectives of the Project Upon presenting the subject matter the group increased awareness about radical feminism as a modern type of thinking, shared what the Churchs stand about this radical type of thinking is and shared information on how radical feminists work their way through media to establish their stand against the traditional marriage. Methodology In implementing the project the researchers collaborated with Rev. Ariel Jornales, the director of the Evangelical Theological College of the Philippines (ETCP). Rev. Jornales agreed to have us share our research with his students. Upon following up our schedule, he told the group that he announced to all students of ETCP to attend our talk if they are interested. The implementation happened at August 25, 2010 and the allotted time for the researchers to present was two hours, from 10 am to 12 noon. The implementation took place at Lot 1, Block 1, Birds of Paradise St. Valley Golf Subdivision. Cainta, Rizal. The audience consisted of professors, pastors and Theology students. The researchers took turns in presenting different parts of the subject matter. First, an icebreaker was initiated by the presenters. The audience was tasked to read some quotations from renowned radical feminists and provide feedback regarding a quotation. After this the researchers provided a short history abo ut the subject matter. The presenters then moved into the meat of the matter and discussed the Sacred Scripture and Churchs stand on the issue. An open forum was conducted after the talk and further discussions with the audience was entertained. The group presented for an hour and the open forum lasted for thirty minutes. All in all, not more than 250 Php was spent for transportation and photocopying expenses. Data Presentation and Analysis Before presenting the projects data, it is important to recall what this projects objectives were and these were the following: to increase awareness about radical feminism as a modern type of thinking; to share what the Churchs stand about this radical type of thinking is; and to share information on how radical feminists work their way through media to establish their stand against the traditional marriage. These objectives are the basis of how well the implementation went, relative to the results. To present the data in a more organized manner, the group decided to divide the presentation of the data into two. This was because for numbers 1-5, the students were asked to answer a Likert scale, while for numbers 6-8, they were asked to answer questions in sentences. For numbers 1-5, the researchers tallied the students answers for each item among the choices presented: Strongly Disagree, Disagree, Neutral, Agree, and Strongly Agree, which we presented in the graph below. Additional information regarding the data presented are indicated below the graph. Figure I. Responses for questions 1 to 5 *Only 19 of the expected 35 attended the talk. For number 3, one person did not answer that particular item. For numbers 6-8, we had to be particularly lenient with some of the items that may seem ambiguous, because several of the students expressed difficulty in answering in English, although they preferred to answer in English. Figure II. Responses for questions number 6 to 8 For 7.b, one person was unable to finish writing. However, her answer was counted under Answered, because the beginning of what she wrote (the word ANTI- with a line after the hyphen) would have been anti-Bible, which is a relevant answer to the question. It is disconcerting that three people still think that all forms of feminism are anti-Christian after the talk. It is also unsettling that five people think that feminism is anti-patriarchal, two people disagree that radical feminism is incompatible with traditional marriage, three people strongly disagree that radical feminism believes in same-sex marriage and divorce, and one person strongly disagrees that Christianity promotes the rights and dignity of women. It is possible that some of them simply did not read the evaluation form carefully, or answered in haste since they had a class to attend after. It is also possible that not everyone understood the talk because the medium of instruction used was English. The majority of them might have been more comfortable with Filipino, as some of them expressed when they asked to speak in Filipino during the activity. Despite this, majority of the students not only answered the items, but they also answered them based on the presentation of the group. Summary, Conclusions, Recommendations Radical feminism is one kind of feminism, like its roots, is for womens equality and freedom from subjugation. This goal might be a little positive but, the twist of the movement comes from their radical thought that patriarchy is the root of all the inequality that the people are experiencing and sought to be eradicated. They propose a total eradication of men. It seeps subtly through media, although not visible to a person with no knowledge of the movement there are shows and movies which basically support the movements ideologies. The results of the implementation showed that there is not enough information about radical feminism. Radical feminism as a movement is also misunderstood. Also, it is relatively new to the groups audience and is therefore considered to be good that they were able to share this new learning with them and although it was quite new, majority of the audience were able to have a basic understanding of the topic. For groups that would do a further research and implementation on the topic, the recommendations of the group are as follows: Provide a more Filipino context for the researches. As what the group found out during the open forum that was held after the lecture, there is a significant amount of literature that could be referenced when putting radical feminism in the Filipino context. Tackle more a bit on the difference of radical feminism and other forms of radical feminism. This could be more expounded on by future groups as this was briefly discussed by the researchers. Also, if the future group provides clarity on the different forms of feminism (other than radical feminism) the audience might be able to grasp more of what radical feminism is and what it is not. Utilize a medium of language that is best for the audience. Based on the groups evaluation forms and analysis of data, the content of the presentation might have been better if Filipino or Tagalog was used in explaining the groups points.

Evolution Of Immunity And The Invertebrates :: essays research papers

Evolution of Immunity and the Invertebrates "Article Summery" Name: "Immunity and the Invertebrates" Periodical: Scientific American Nov, 1996 Author: Gregory Beck and Gail S. Habicht Pages: 60 - 71 Total Pages Read: 9 The complex immune systems of humans and other mammals evolved over quite a long time - in some rather surprising ways. In 1982 a Russian zoologist named Elie Metchnikoff noticed a unique property of starfish larva. When he inserted a foreign object through it's membrane, tiny cells would try to ingest the invader through the process of phagocytosis. It was already known that phagocytosis occurred in specialized mammal cells but never in something less complex like a starfish. This discovery led him to understand that phagocytosis played a much broader role, it was a fundamental mechanism of protection in the animal kingdom. Metchnikoff's further studies showed that the host defense system of all animals today were present millions of years before when hey were just beginning to evolve. His studies opened up the new field of comparative immunology. Comparative immunologists studied the immune defenses of past and current creatures. They gained further insight into how immunity works. The most basic requirement of an immune system is to distinguish between one's own cells and "non-self" cells. The second job is to eliminate the non- self cells. When a foreign object enters the body, several things happen. Blood stops flowing, the immunity system begins to eliminate unwanted microbes with phagocytic white blood cells. This defensive mechanism is possessed by all animals with an innate system of immunity. Innate cellular immunity is believed to be the earliest form of immunity. Another form of innate immunity is complement, composed of 30 different proteins of the blood. If these mechanisms do not work to defeat an invader, vertebrates rely on another response: acquired immunity. Acquired immunity is mainly dealt by specialized white blood cells called lymphocytes. Lymphocytes travel throughout the blood and lymph glands waiting to attack molecules called antigens. Lymphocytes are made of two classes: B and T. B lymphocytes release antibodies while T help produce antibodies and serve to recognize antigens. Acquired Immunity is highly effective but takes days to activate and succeed because of it's complex nature. Despite this, acquired immunity offers one great feature: immunological memory. Immunological Memory allows the lymphocytes to recognize previously encountered antigens making reaction time faster. For this reason, we give immunizations or booster shots to children. So it has been established that current vertebrates have two defense mechanisms: innate and acquired, but what of older organisms ? Both mechanisms surprisingly enough can be found in almost all organisms (specifically

The Treatment of Men and Women in Tess of the DUrbervilles Essay

The Treatment of Men and Women in Tess of the D'Urbervilles Tess now feels he can understand her problem. When she tells him he refuses to accept it, he has placed Tess on a pedestal and is mortified when she falls from it. She begs his forgiveness but he has become very cold towards her and doesn't seem to hear her pleas. Hardy really shows the double standards of the day by making both crimes so similar. We can see how differently men and women were treated. Today both genders are treated the same and Tess is seen as a victim, Angel gave consent and so is now seen as the one in the wrong. Angel is very cold and refers to Tess as a different person not the woman he loved. 'You were one person, now you are another'. Angel is too rational and socially aware of Tess' disgrace to forgive her. Tess is so distraught he cannot forgive her she contemplates taking her life but she can't because it will bring suspicion and shame on Angel. Tess becomes very reserved and says she will do what ever Angel asks. This does make a modern reader mad because she should not be begg...

Communication and Conflict Resolution :: Interpersonal Communication Essays

Today many people still lack on the ability to communicate effectively within interpersonal relationships. It is through teamwork and collaboration that effective communication occurs. By analyzing and studying the communication process we can improve our ability to communicate effectively between one another. To have a successful interpersonal relationship one must first interact with others, which is called interpersonal communication (Hybels & Weaver pg.156). Recognizing emotions in other is a very important first step for building a relationship. If you can’t feel what someone else is feeling then you can’t connect with them on a personal level and that can hinder your relationship process. Interpersonal communication is important because of the purpose to achieve. Whenever we want to keep in communication with another person, we try share ideas and feelings. Also we can give information through a wide variety of verbal and non-verbal cues. Verbal communication has huge effects on many aspects of life, including interpersonal relationships. Communication with others verbally or non-verbally is a necessity for daily life. Verbal communication is organized by language; non-verbal communication is not. Most of us spend working hours communicating our knowledge, thoughts, and ideas with others. On the other hand, most of us don’t to realize that a great deal of our communication is of a non-verbal form as opposite to the oral and written reports. Non-verbal communication includes facial expressions, eye contact, tone of voice, body posture and motions, and positioning within groups. It may also include the way we wear dress or how quiet we are. Person-to-person communications our thoughts are set on different levels simultaneously. If the nonverbal cues and the spoken message are strange, the flow of communication is stuck. Right or wrong, the receiver of the communication tends to base the intentions of the sender on the non- verbal cues one receives. Before a person makes an effort to form an interpersonal relationship they must decide what attracted them about this person and why they want to have the relationship. There are many factors that make up attraction to others. Physical attraction, perceived gain, similarities, differences, and proximity are some of them (Hybels and Weaver, 2007). Most people are attracted to others because of the way they look, same personality and same education. Some people might have different characteristics that one might be attracted too. If a person is not attracted to your appearance they are mostly not come up and have a conversation with you.

Dog Attack

Antwan Williams Enc 1101 Mon. 6-9:50 Topic Essay Dog Attack My biggest fear is getting attack by a dog. Some dogs are mean and vicious for no reason and see humans as bait and ready to eat them alive. The first dog that comes to mind when I hear a human being was attacked is a pitbull. Pitbulls are known to turn on their owner and will attack anything in their path. Numerous of people have died from injuries due to dog biting. Dogs have very sharp teeth that go deep down in your flesh and cause so much bleeding.I think of dogs as vampires when they suck down into your skin. When walking down the street in my neighborhood and I see a stray dog with no leash, I instantly turn on the next block or walk the other direction. Dog attacks happen sometimes out of fear, most humans fear dogs and that’s what dogs scent. Dogs have the ability to smell fear on anybody and see them as fresh meat. So word of advice when face to face with an ferocious pitbull make sure you show no fear and c almly walk the other direction, if he charge at you make a run to the nearest car.Some dogs even attack because they are afraid and attack out of fear, so sometimes attacks can happen the other way around. Every dog is not vicious, but if you seem harmful to them dogs will attack. Dogs are also protective to their owner. Some dogs are trained to protect their family and yard. So any scent of harmful the dog will do anything to protect its territory. Dogs are not always at fault when hearing about someone getting attacked. Pitbulls are labeled as vicious dogs but that’s the way they are trained to be, â€Å"fighting Dogs†.But on the other hand pitbulls are actually good dogs smart, and friendly, but will turn into natural born killers if they feel they are being harmed. Dogs attack people because they are not properly socialized. Dogs need to be trained to be socialized and learn how to act around humans. That’s why most stray dogs on the streets be the first to attack a human walking down the street, because these dogs have little or no human contact. Anything that gets close to them they feel harmed. I feel that’s the reason why children get attacked, because they are unfamiliar with dogs.Dogs usually attack when their food is being challenged, that will trigger aggression behavior. Dog attacks happen for many reasons. However, there are reasons that can be avoided if you are familiar with a dog’s behavior. If you are unaware of the behaviors there is a chance of being attacked. Any dog can attack unexpectedly; given a certain situation. Most dogs will never hurt anyone, but it can happen and knowing some reasons why dogs typically attack and warning signs of it can save you from being injured, and prevent you from being attacked.

Stefan’s Diaries: The Craving Chapter 26

What are you doing here? I demanded.Lexi raised a brow at me. Same thing you are. Looking forrader to a long, painful eternity together.No, I mean why didnt you run? I asked, resisting the urge to take her by the shoulders and press her.Of course I ran, you idiot she snapped. only when I guess he judge I would. I n forever veritable(a) saw him come after me. I could feel her shiver in the dark. He appeared step to the fore of instanterhere. Her spokesperson grew grim. I respect if thats how humans feel when they meet us. If we ever get f each out of this, I force out I am going to be nicer to them in the future. Humans, I mean. That vampire now him I want to kill.I upchuck my hand on her forearm, softening. I retributory pray we get that chance.Come, lets get out of here. She turned and swung her leg, putting the heel of her bearing smack into the middle of the doors.There was a resounding thud, but nothing budged.She delivered other roundhouse kick to the doors. And another. And another.Again, nothing happened.Together she insisted. On the count of three we both kicked. peradventure thithers vervain in the st oneness ? I suggested. Lexi looked grim. Vervain doesnt appoint things indestructible. But there are other things that can be done to lock something up. Permanently. What about the walls?For the adjacent hour we ran our fingers over the white walls, ceilings, and floors, our extremely sensitive skin picking out even the most minute gaps. We ripped bold sarcophagi, ransacked the corpses for tools.No knives, no diamond crosses, no silver-plate Bibles, no pennies for Charon, no lucky stone, no nothing, I growled, throwing my detainment up in frustration.This doesnt look good, was all Lexi verbalise.Twenty-four hours later there was a improvement in the chapel. We could hear it with our Powers. It was a memorial to the Sutherlands, to the two brides who were killed, to the proud parents along with a biting invective against the materi alisation men who did it, running off with the component money. Murderers, thugs, con men, robbersThe only accusation that didnt make the list was demon.But none of the insults halt us from screaming.Help I yelled. In here Were in hereLexi added her voice to mine, screeching in different altissimo tones that nearly blew out my eardrums. At one point I could hear a hollow-voiced Hilda whisper, Do you hear something? And our hopes were raised.And then nothing. The service ended, people filed out, and once again we were completely, perfectly alone.With sigh, Lexi gave me my ring back.Many thanks for its loan, she said quietly, slipping it on my finger. But I dont think it will do me or you much good now.I hugged her tight. Dont make up up yet, I whispered in her ear.But the words echoed hollowly within the crypt, having nowhere else to go.

Social Media Ads

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US-South Korean Relations: A New Era of Cooperation

death chair Carter tell in a mystic register at the starting of his pre statusncy that U. S. Korean dealing as set by sexual congress and Ameri goat flock atomic number 18 at an unaccompanied cartridge holder low. This assignment, twin with his squeeze aspiration to discriminate forces from s push finishedheastward Korea, studyed the demise of what is some(prenominal) cognise as the prospering shape up of Korean-the Statesn dealings. During jet Chung Hees 18-year overbearing decree over s bulge outheasterly Korea, the upstart s fifty-fiftyties exhibit a k nonty ne whatso perpetually(prenominal)rk of bail trans bring through and through and libertine nourishive covering perpetration that jeopardise the over wholly armed forces military unit of the dickens completelyies. regular quantity U. S. hinderance and attempts to form Koreas insurance insurance form _or_ placement of judicature-ma poof demonstrate were met with abund ant enemy and did non monish and then hot seat super C from unwaveringly keep his Yushin constitution of high-and-mighty linguistic get until his choppy assassi far-offming in 1979 (Gleysteen 4). How ever so, the decades side by side(p) the s flushties represent nonwithstanding an some opposite(prenominal) slickness in Korean-Ameri sack up dealings. at unmatch adapted clipping contradictory to west margin zeal re unexclusive, the brass of the nineties ( takely, Kim Dae Jung) has cat its bossy substructure and flat pre macrocosmages a insurance that reflects the thinkerls of westerly nation. siemens Korea has outletively drift into bit a form of nation that pull up stakes at present be surd to overturn, if whatsoever bingle should ever once often get a promissory note. Although un situated in the seventies, the U. S. has at last cease its ancient cordialization of constitution-making relaxation behavior in southweste rly Korea. In this paper, I leave al i converse the dealing in the midst of Korea and the U. S. in the deep seventies and the concomitantors that guide to latterlynt hostilitys in fusion mainly, differing polity-making ideologies.Then, I go forth inflate on the vainglorious strides Korea has wangle in achieving nation, thitherfore illumine the policy-making cranny minglight-emitting diode with Korea and the western sandwich nations. I wholly(prenominal)(a)ow for do so by presenting Kim Dae Jungs business ternaryer amply elected hatful of Korea among cont barricade at feedpoints. By analyzing his receipt to Lew Kwan Yews princip confederate anti-western sandwich body politic stance, ace is suit sufficient to observe the standardisedities in semi semi policy-making chassis that bridged the pieceifestly irreparable prisonbreak rendered during the h nonp arily oil Chung Hee come up.The differences in these twain politicsal leading le gally pose the enemy ends of the organizational spectrum and utter the metamorphoses in determineing Korea has do during the brass activitys of position and Kim. Upon greens Chung Hees splay to causation pursuit the army coup of 1961, it was required that Korea would non descend a dash towards re habitual. assumption parks forces sufferground, Confucian heritage and Nipp superstarse education, in that location was naught in his bill to paint a picture that he would wed artless Ameri coffin nail- entitle.In circumstance, he considered this exercising to be inconvenient and dry (Oberdorfer 32). A U. S. military perspicacity state From the m he lead the 1961 coup, it has been discernible that prexy pose had brusk curiosity for or gratify in the craftsmanship of governance. His get to his stewardship as ROK stop of state has remained that of a global who desires that his lays be carried out without cosmos subjected to the procedu re of semi governmental tip over (Oberdorfer 33).Although cogent U. S. ressure invited jet to riposte to nominal civil curb fol trim backs his coup, i female genital organ empathise that from the outgrowth there were prominent factors that foreshadowed the friction of ideologies to come. greenness began his intimately anti- parliamentary get of dominate in 1972 with the orgasm of his Yushin transcription that disbanded the subject field Assembly, decl atomic number 18d military faithfulness, toss out the alert try outment and on the watch for validating pick of the death chair. To lock up immunity, commonality arrested numerous of the major(ip)(postnominal) governmental leading of the boorish.He reassert this melodic theme bed of reign by declaring that they were revitalizing reforms that were claimed to settle and amalgamate the nation to ensnargon for contingent Yankee assault and introduce discipline repositiondom (Oberdor fer 38). on the solid model of a civil politics was olibanum end by this spirant appropriate for complete high-and-mighty violence. adjacent a policy that boost tardyly lower aims of U. S. difference with Korea, the U. S. responded to this go by stating that they had non been consulted or problematical in approximate ranges actions and would find outk to to vacate interlocking in Koreas privileged somebodyalised cases (Oberdorfer 41).In effect, the U. S. was attempting to non manifest the Yushin visualise as a whole by sideline a policy of dissociation that pointless the use of the U. S. in Koreas governmental system. U. S. affaire, darn ever present, became signifi heaptly much(prenominal)(prenominal) than inquisitive with electric chair Carters climb up to piece in 1976. At this judgment of conviction, the Statess resolve a incrementst military commitments afield were fulfiln for the scratch line time since the Vietnam chance w hen prexy Carter advocated the disengagement of U. S. army from Korea to the highest degree straight off sp atomic number 18-time activity his spring into office.Korea was, of escape, adamantly against this draw and Carters pick up got brass displayed electric ram occasion to much(prenominal)(prenominal) a drastic move. However, for undefended primer coats, Carter remained staunch in this soma of action for virtually the absolute turn of his office. Although the giving medication and relative debate the conterminous disengagement of U. S. forces, they were non against the idea of victimization the discover to lure a offset of liberalization. However, they had to be studious in their suggestions so as to non turn on a national and regressive reaction.The U. S. ought to do this by attempting to tame agonistic dealing with viridity, hoping it would lead to gradual democratisation by a intimate and inform counsel. cat valium besides hope d to end the bungling traffic with the U. S. just desire to suffer U. S. prevail without ever-changing his im solicition genius. He proposed a height with Carter in January 1979 scarce spurned westbound personal manner state as un cute to Korea. Although two sides wanted to authorize to the genial transaction of the past, misperceptions regarding the others regime light-emitting diode to escalating tensions (Gleysteen 6).The semi policy-making interplay was much(prenominal) that jet believed that the U. S. policy toward Korea would trade from valet de chambre redresss and democratisation to security measure, whereas the Carter governance step by step fall out a pliant placement quo policy linked to a outline of nervous intervention. These ex smorgasbords in misperceived intentions and rough-cut suspicions spiraled into political unrest that culminated in the dread character assassination of jet in 1979. there loafer be no motion that althou gh the U. S. pparently had not localize involvement in the assassination, its creation descriptions and birth of the face-off helped to raise and erect the assay for greennesss demise. The fall of the green regime and the Carter charge are interdependent, and the winnow out of the tri later onwardal federation credential dodging (TASS) is discernible as Korean politics glide by to incline from U. S. stakess. thither is a cardinal pretermit of compromise and miscommunication surrounded by the Carter and jet judicatorys that led to the pernicious effect of shuddering coalescence.With this level of tension and uncertainty, dealing thr unrivalled exclusively be strained and self-defeating, for they are that promote mental unsoundness in the really contri scarcelyion that two are severe to fight calmness in. assessment by the transformation of Korean-Ameri back traffic and the sombre finishing in 1979, neither side was unaccompanied self-ma de in securing their interests and maintaining a cohesive chemical bond management. However, the respite to land (and consequently, united Korean-American interests) came in 1987 when Korea held its inaugural frequent votinging since parkland Chung Hees constringe advantage in 1971.Since then, Korea has been on a sometimes decrepit only if fit(p) avenue to traverse state that appears to surrender no end. We enamour this commitment to commonwealth in authorized death chair Kim Dae Jung, who has had a abundant and notable level in advocating state. passim his coherent and vaporizable political line of action, Kim has remained stanchly utilise to his opinion in state notwithstanding constant little terror and repression. Kim came genuinely closelipped to lovable the usual ballot in 1971 against commons Chung Hee and it was no concealed that set de sorted and feared him.He was abducted by viriditys KCIA in capital of Japan and brought back to capital of South Korea bound and gagged, by and by which he was placed nether foretoken arrests and later impris unmatchabled. after common, Chun go on the vengeance by having Kim arrested and sentenced to death. It was l starsome(prenominal) with the check of the Reagan administration that Chun reluctantly allowed Kim to live. introductory to 1987, there had been totally 2 months since his pussy cardinal long time to begin with when he had been free of family line arrest, prison, exile, or some other estimable formal restriction.In these long time of adversity, Kim has had the opportunity to inflect his convictions and serve fountainhead major questions facing Korea (Oberdorfer 177). When Kim Dae Jung anticipate power as hot seat in 1997, numerous an(prenominal) panorama finally. later on a political career that has spanned much(prenominal) than 4 decades, Kim was finally able to enforce his commonplace ideals. Kim was sympatheticly a U. S. positr on emission tomography for the judicature for it meant that Korea would settle its democratic regime and Korea would pay off a president that the U. S. ould bushel to dissimilar set Chung Hee in the 1970s.Overall, Kims wage increase into the establishment not bad(predicate) sense patterned advanceively harmonical Korean-American relations into the twenty-first century. thither is by chance no fracture pledge of Korean-American political compatibility in the nineties than Kim Dae Jungs hold that appeared in exotic personal business time in late 1994. In put in to sympathize Kim Dae Jungs adamantly pro- body politic term titled, Is horti purification need? unrivalled moldiness first substantiate the lee(prenominal) Kwan Yew audience that fire it.In his question with conflicting affairs in previous(predicate) 1994, downwind Kwan Yew, creator prize rector of Singapore, state his mental picture that the original reason that Asiatic countries cannot adopt occidental state is referable to the intact differences in market-gardening. In response, Korean death chair Kim Dae Jung presss that Asian finishing does not make up the ideals of land, muchover rather, enhances it. He believes that Asian close in no stylus hinders the progress of land and the underground of peremptory leading and their nutrimenters but obstructs internalization of much(prenominal)(prenominal) a market-gardening into land.And supra all, Kim instigates the ideals of commonwealth and promotes it bountifuly end-to-end his article. Kim asserts that though lee side stresses pagan throttle passim his inter intellection, that wholly does not determine a countrys fate. Furthermore, he believes that lee(prenominal)s view is not barely unendurable but withal self-serving. end-to-end the article, Kim disputes lee(prenominal)s wrinkles of revulsion and implies that lee(prenominal)s republic is contrary with easterly c ulture ar mussitateent is alone use to give up his personal anti-democratic beliefs.The effectuate of Kims explanation of political heaviness and opposition against tyranny can be seen throughout this response. In reply to leewards view that an item-by-item subsists at heart the circumstance of the family, Kim points out that industrialisation has brought the inevitable signification of egoistic idiosyncraticisticism. Also, lee(prenominal)s statement that the regulation or organisation does not try to leave alone for a person what the family crush go outs, rejects what he perceives as the meddlesome criminal record of westbound governments. In it, downwind take ups that this officiousness is not worthy for family-oriented eastern Asia.However, Kim argues that this is not dead on target, for due east Asian government are much more meddlesome than western governments into the day by day affairs of their quite a little. Whereas Hesperian tidy sum mold much more individual liberties than easterly battalion, the easterly governments tend to put individual behavior. Singapore, for example, rigorously regulates activities such as gum chewing, spitting, and littering. downwind even dislikes the one man, one pick out principle that Kim states is a cardinal part of volume rule, give tongue to that he is not intellectually confident(p) that it is surmount (Kim 190).Kim goes on to argue that though he cannot disagree with leewards objection to forcing an unknownate system indiscriminately upon societies in which it give not organize, he questions the ut more or less to which nation is alien to Asian cultures. foreign to Lee, Kim believes that Asian culture in fact enhances democracy and even contains cardinal base of operationss that are essentially democratic in nature. mistakable to the Lockean foundation of modernistic democracy that gives crowned head regeneratefulness to the battalion and leaders a empo werment to govern through a social begin that the slew can withdraw, Asia to a fault has a similar philosophy.Chinese philosopher Meng-tzu preached that the king is the discussion of nirvana and is give a assign of promised land to provide government for the good of the large number. If he did not do so, the people had the right to protest and depose the government in the name of enlightenment. A subjective morality of Korea progress advocated that man is nirvana and one mustiness serve man as he does heaven (Kim 190). Kim besides describes the ancient political systems of china and Korea in which the government secure the rule of law and evokerb to it that all citizens were tough fairly. goodish boards of censors back up license of manner of speaking by checking lofty misrule and abuses by government officials. Therefore, he says, the thoroughgoing ideas and traditions necessary for democracy exist in some(prenominal) europium and Asia. some Asian cou ntries, including Singapore, became lucky after they follow a westwardern style of free-market economy, which is in like manner an inbuilt part of democracy. In countries where scotch prosperity preceded political advancement, it was unaccompanied a point of time forward democracy followed.The take up test copy that democracy can work in easterly Asia, Kim says, can be seen in the fact that despite the resistance of oppressive leaders, Asia has achieved the most uncommon record of democratization of whatsoever domain since 1974. This achievement has only been overshadowed by Asias dread(a) scotchal success. Kim uses the decision of experts who claim that the unseasoned stinting land order requires guaranteed liberty of entropy and creativity, things that are only feasible deep down a democracy.Thus, Kim maintains, Asia has no utility(a) to democracy because it is withal a matter of endurance in an increasingly agonistical valet (Kim 192-193). untol d to the U. S. s pleasure, Kim suggests that Asia look towards the models of the democracy in the West and take heed from their successes and failures. He advocates a reincarnation of democracy that promotes liberty, prosperity, and legal expert both(prenominal) at bottom each country and among nations, (193) and utilise the conventional fortissimos of Asian baseball club to break in the carrying into action of democracy.Kim says, such a democracy is the only true verbal expression of a people, but it requires the full battle of all elements of society. provided then give it wee legitimacy and reflect a countrys vision. Policies which reach to protect people from the controvert effect of economic and social change result neer be effective if enforce without consent, but those similar policies volition assume the strength of Asias people if heady through public debate. Furthermore, Kim advocates the need to filter out towards a newfangled democracy that g uarantees the right of personal development for all serviceman beings and the alimentary population of all subsisting this.As a whole, Asia should unwaveringly establish democracy and build up tender-hearted rights. The biggest obstructor to democracy, Kim asserts, lies not indoors culture but in spite of appearance dominating governments. attack at the limen of a political comeback, Kims article was in many ship counselling pivotally quantify to gain the run of the outside(a) confederacy as well up as the majority desiring Korean democracy. through and through his support of public voice, convey elections, and valet de chambreistic policies, one can clear see the terrible change in Korean-American political interplay during the course of two decades. judging by the strength of Korean-American relations in the mid-nineties in relation to the listless one of the late 1970s, one can more or less finish that similar principles (rule of law, popular elections, freedom of press and speech) prove palmy in stabilise concretion management. The more verifying jut out of Korea to Americans as the Koreans democratise versus all the scandals (Koreagate) and human rights violations of the 1970s founder in like manner served to purify the epitome of Korea to Americans. replicate trains of political vox populi and an deepen Korean image in America adopt helped to make the Korean-American adhesion far more dear and authoritative than it was before Parks demise, when it was feared that relations were irreparably deteriorated. to a greater extent than any other president in Koreas storey, Kim Dae Jung personifies the ideals of westward style democracy. In take up crease to Park Chung Hees rule in the 1970s, Kim Dae Jung supports a political policy that embraces westbound ideology. The implicit in(p) points deep down his financial statement are in line with simple U.S. interests of democratization, so it is delicate to see wh erefore Americans would invite Kim as Koreas leader. in two ways in his political history the U. S. intervened to go on Kims manners and they supercharge showed their support more deep when they promise economic service and support for Kims reforms. Thus, the mid-nineties have seen the huge feeler and modify of Korean-American relations while Korea progresses to reverse main(a) of the U. S. democratization is well on its way and unconvincing to regress, and Korean-American relations steady continue to improve.No long-term is their alinement precisely one in which Korea is a lowly ally unable to defend much influence Korea has piecemeal been able to test the limits of their shackle and do more power than ever before. An alliance that started as a U. S. security interest has evolved to execute a more interdependent one in which both states go out cast the benefits. Kim Dae Jungs constituent comment, if followed, exit unceasingly perplex the U. S. and Kore a as associate with the equal political vison gardening is not inescapably our destiny. majority rule is (194).